2023Activity reportProject-TeamBIOCORE

7.1.1 In@lgae

• Name:
  Numerical simulator of microalgae based processes
• Keywords:
  Simulation, Microalgae system, Productivity
• Functional Description:
  In@lgae simulates the productivity of a microalgae production system, taking into account both the process type and its location and time of the year. The process is mainly defined by its thermal dynamics and by its associated hydrodynamics. For a given microalgal strain, a set of biological parameters describe the response to nitrogen limitation, temperature and light. As a result, the biomass production, CO2 and nitrogen fluxes, lipid and sugar accumulation are predicted.
• Release Contributions:
  The In@lgae platform has been optimised to make it faster. Some of the key models have been rewritten in C++ to allow a faster computation. Models have been improved to include, in the growth rate computation, the composition of the light spectrum. The graphical user interface has been enhanced and several sets of parameters describing different microalgal species have been stored.
• Contact:
  Olivier Bernard
• Participants:
  Étienne Delclaux, Francis Mairet, Olivier Bernard, Quentin Béchet

7.1.2 Odin

• Name:
  Platform for advanced monitoring, control and optimisation of bioprocesses
• Keywords:
  Bioinformatics, Biotechnology, Monitoring, Automatic control
• Scientific Description:

  ODIN is a distributed application, whose graphical interface can be launched remotely through the Internet. The application, developed in Erlang, is architected around an MQTT broker. It is robust and tolerant to hardware failures in order to avoid that a wrong manipulation can have harmful consequences on the biotechnological process.

  Thus, the implementation of a new algorithm is done by a plugin written in Python language. Modifying one of these algorithms does not require recompiling the code.

• Functional Description:
  This application proposes a framework for on-line supervision of bioreactors. It gathers the data sampled from different on-line and off-line sensors. ODIN is a distributed platform, enabling remote monitoring as well as remote data acquisition. In a more original way, it enables researchers and industrials to easily develop and deploy advanced control algorithms, optimisation strategies, together with estimates of state variables or process state. It also contains a process simulator which can be harnessed for experimentation and training purposes. It is modular in order to adapt to any plant and to run most of the algorithms, and it can handle the high level of uncertainties that characterises the biological processes. The architecture is based on Erlang, and communication between modules through a MQTT Broker with Python for running the algorithms. ODIN is developed in collaboration with the INRIA Ibis research team.
• URL:
  https://­team.­inria.­fr/­biocore/­software/­odin/
• Contact:
  Olivier Bernard
• Participants:
  Olivier Bernard, Nicolas Niclausse, Eugenio Cinquemani, Tamas Muszbek, Thibaud Kloczko, Nicolas Chleq, Jean-Luc Szpyrka, Pierre Fernique, Julia Elizabeth Luna, Come Le Breton, Jonathan Levy, Amine Lahouel, Tristan Cabel, François Caddet, Erwan Demairy, Riham Nehmeh, Marc Vesin, Carlos Zubiaga Pena

8.1.1 Mathematical study of ecological models

Participants: Frédéric Grognard, Ludovic Mailleret, Suzanne Touzeau, Clotilde Djuikem, Yves Fotso Fotso, Marine Courtois.

Semi-discrete models have shown their relevance in modeling biological phenomena whose nature presents abrupt changes over time 82. In plant epidemiology, they can represent seasonality or external perturbations of natural systems, such as harvest. We developed and analyzed such models in the context of biological control applied to coffee leaf rust 14 or coffee berry borers 56, and of the sterile insect technique 46. Semi-discrete models were central in Frédéric Grognard's HDR defense 50 and Clotilde Djuikem's PhD thesis 48.

In this framework, we studied how recurrent migration events (“pulsed migration”) between different spatial locations influence the evolution of populations through a population genetics approach 6. We evidenced that migration pulsedness affects allele fixation rates in interaction with their selective value, generally reducing the level of local adaptation as compared to continuous migration. This research was part of Flora Aubree's PhD thesis (defended in 2022), and has been performed in collaboration with Vincent Calcagno (ISA).

8.1.2 Estimation and control

Participants: Frédéric Grognard, Ludovic Mailleret, Suzanne Touzeau, Yves Fotso Fotso, Clotilde Djuikem.

Optimal control and optimisation. We developed several approaches to control the evolution of crop pests. We solved optimal control problems to limit the damages due to coffee berry borers 16 and Coffee Leaf Rust 76 using the BOCOP software, which is developed by Inria team COMMANDS.

8.2.1 Cellular response and cell-to-cell variability

To analyze the considerable amount of data from fate-seq 85, we proposed an ODE model of the molecular pathways involved in cell death triggered by Tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) calibrated on single-cell time-trajectories of a fluorescent time-trajectories (FRET) reporter measuring apoptosis signaling dynamics in clonal HeLa cells  88. With this model, we constructed a timeline for the different steps in the regulation of apoptosis and located an initial cell fate decision just after TRAIL binding  90. Furthermore, we identified three specific parameter combinations that can distinguish between drug resistant or sensitive phenotypes. The next step was to combine the ODE model's mechanistic features with predictive values for cell decision with machine-learning classification models, to determine the drug response of each cell before it commits to an irreversible decision. Our mechanistic-informed approach, combining an ODE system with machine learning classifiers, outperformed classic machine learning approaches and enabled the accurate cell response prediction of otherwise unpredictable cells  89. This part of the work was in collaboration with Diego Oyarzún (University of Edinburgh). This methodology is part of Marielle Péré PhD thesis 51, who won a STIC Doctoral School prize.

In addition, based on her thesis work, Marielle developed her project CellEmax, whose goal is to propose rational identification of new targets for anti-cancer combined treatments, for which she obtained an i-PhD Concours d'Innovation grand prize.

8.2.2 Intercellular communication in peripheral clocks

The intercellular interactions between peripheral circadian clocks, located in tissues and organs other than the suprachiasmatic nuclei of the hypothalamus, are still very poorly understood. To investigate this question, we performed a theoretical and computational study of the coupling between two or more clocks, using a reduced model of the mammalian circadian clock previously developed in 1. Based on a piecewise linearization of the dynamics of the mutual CLOCK:BMAL1 / PER:CRY inactivation term, we proposed a segmentation of the circadian cycle into six stages, to help analyze different types of synchronization between two clocks, including single stage duration, total period, and maximal amplitudes. Our model reproduces some recent experimental results on the effects of different regimes of fasting/feeding alternance in liver circadian clocks of mice  70. This method helps to further characterize the synchronization steps between two clocks of distinct (but close) periods. This work was presented by Odile Burckard at the 48th Congress of the Société Francophone de Chronobiologie 32. In addition, through the analytical study of the above piecewise linear model of the clock, we proposed an Algorithm to generate biologically-consistent circadian oscillators. Our study provides a characterization of the cycle dynamics in terms of four fundamental threshold parameters and one scaling parameter, shows robustness of the circadian system and its period, and identifies critical points for correct cycle progression 60, 53. This work is in collaboration with F. Delaunay (ANR InSync), and is part of Odile Burckard PhD thesis.

8.2.3 Cell economy and control of cell growth

Microbial growth consists of the conversion of nutrients from the environment into biomass and small energy cofactors (ATP, NADH, NADPH, ...) driving biomass synthesis forward. Two macroscopic criteria for characterizing microbial growth are growth rate and growth yield. The former refers to the rate of conversion of substrate into biomass, and the latter to the efficiency of the process, that is, the fraction of substrate taken up by the cells that is converted into biomass.

In the framework of the ANR Maximic project (collab. H. de Jong, MICROCOSME team, and T. Gedeon, Montana State University), we developed a coarse-grained model of coupled energy and mass fluxes in microorganisms, based on minimal assumptions, and used it to explore the variability of rate-yield phenotypes obtained by change in proteome allocation strategy 8. The model predictions were verified by means of a database of hundreds of published rate-yield and uptake-secretion phenotypes of Escherichia coli strains grown in standard laboratory conditions. We found a very good quantitative agreement between the range of predicted and observed growth rates, growth yields, and glucose uptake and acetate secretion rates. These results support the hypothesis that resource allocation is a major explanatory factor of the observed variability of growth rates and growth yields across different bacterial strains. An interesting prediction of our model, supported by the experimental data, is that high growth rates are not necessarily accompanied by low growth yields. The resource allocation strategies enabling high-rate, high-yield growth of E. coli lead to a higher saturation of enzymes and ribosomes, and thus to a more efficient utilization of proteomic resources.

The model is currently used to investigate the set of adaptation strategies that microbial cells can use to increase their growth rate or their growth yield in a given environment. Preliminary results suggest that multiple allocation choices are possible, depending on the initial allocation state of the cell and its biomass composition.

8.3.1 Dynamics in networks of cellular oscillators

Weak synchronization and convergence in coupled genetic regulatory networks. We consider a general model of genetic networks and examine two forms of interconnection, either homogeneous or heterogeneous coupling, corresponding to coupling functions that are either equal or different from those governing the individual dynamics. In the case of individual subsystems having unique but different steady states, we prove that the homogeneous coupled system has a unique globally asymptotically stable steady state. Moreover, in the case of large coupling strength, we show that under suitable assumptions the network achieves weak synchronization since individual steady states become arbitrarily close 7. We apply the results to the synchronization of damped oscillators and to the control of multistable systems.

Synchronization of circadian clock models. To study coupling and synchronization of two clock oscillator models, we have used Lyapunov function techniques to bound the difference between the two oscillators in terms of the difference between their oscillating periods. We have also analyzed the form of the periodic solutions as a function of some of the parameters, in particular one of the major degradation rates. This is part of Benjamin Böbel PhD thesis.

Fields of application

8.4.1 Modelling microalgae production

Participants: Olivier Bernard, Antoine Sciandra, Walid Djema, Francesca Casagli, Bruno Assis Pessi, Ignacio Fierro, Ali Gharib, Yan Gao, Emna Krichen, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Amélie Talec, Eric Pruvost.

Experimental developments in controlled dynamical environments. The experimental Phytopulse platform made of continuous photobioreactors driven by a set of automaton controlled by the ODIN+ software is a powerful and unique tool which gave rise to a quantity of very original experiments. Such platform improved knowledge of several biological processes such as lipid accumulation or pigment dynamics under light fluctuation, nitrogen or temperature stress... In particular, various experiments were carried out for determining the ability of biofilms to grow with different sources of nitrogen. This experimental platform was used to control the long term stress applied to a population of microalgae using optimal control strategies37. This Darwinian selection procedure generated several new strains with higher lipids or pigments of interests after several months in the so called selectiostats 31. These experimental works were carried out in the frameworks of the ISS incubated Darewin project, and in the pre-maturation Pycoplus project funded by CNRS.

Experimental work was also carried out in collaboration with the Inalve startup with microalgal biofilm to determine the impact of light and dark sequences on cell growth and photoacclimation 57. The architecture of the biofilms was also observed for different species with confocal microscopic techniques 17, 21.

These works have been carried out in collaboration with A. Talec and E. Pruvost (CNRS/Sorbonne Université -Oceanographic Laboratory of Villefranche-sur-Mer LOV).

Metabolism of carbon storage and lipid production. A metabolic model has been set up and validated for the microalgae Chlorella vulgaris, on the basis of the DRUM framework 3 , in order to simulate autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic growth, and to determine how to reduce substrate inhibition. The model was extended to other substrates such as glucose or glycerol. After a calibration phase, the model was successfully challenged with data from 122 experiments collected from scientific literature in autotrophic, heterotrophic and mixotrophic conditions 24.

As part of B.A. Pessi PhD thesis, this metabolic modeling framework is extended to describe a co-culture of bacteria and microalgae. First, by modeling a thiamine auxotroph E. coli to maximize the production of lactate 52. Then, we extend the previous developed metabolic model to describe a co-culture of Chlorella with the bacteria E. coli overproducing the vitamin biotin. We represent the influence of biotin concentration in the accumulation of lipids. The model results show that a biotin overproducer E. coli could support the needs of vitamin by Chlorella and favor lipid accumulation.

Modeling the coupling between photosynthesis and hydrodynamics. We consider a coupled physical-biological model describing growth of microalgae in a raceway pond cultivation process, accounting for hydrodynamics. Our approach combines a biological model (based on the Han model) and shallow water dynamics equations that model the fluid into the raceway pond. We developped an optimization procedure dealing with the topography to maximize the biomass production over one lap or multiple laps with a paddle wheel. The results show that a flat topography is optimal in a periodic regime. We then studied the influence of mixing, assuming that a mixing device can redistribute the algae so that they can have access to light 69. A strategy to optimally mix the algae was derived. It was finally combined with a non flat topography 68.

Modeling photosynthetic biofilms. Several models have been developed to represent the growth of microalgae within a biofilm. A first structured physiological model 92 uses mixture theory to represent the microalgae growth, based on the consideration of intracellular reserves triggering the processes of growth, respiration and excretion. We consider separately the intracellular storage carbon (lipids and carbohydrates) and the functional part of microalgae. The model corroborated observations realized at the LGPM (CentraleSupelec) 57, 21. Another approach accounts for the dynamics of the light harvesting systems when cells are submitted to rapid successions of light and dark phases 57. A simpler model was developed 18 and used to identify the optimal working mode of a process based on photosynthetic biofilm growing on a conveyor belt 49. The model was used to identify the worldwide potential of microalgal biofilms under different climates 63. This study was extended considering the impact if the culture has to be heated in winter.

We studied the Han model for different alternation of high and low light intensities, with various durations. We showed that there are specific light levels than can enhance the biofilm growth 15. The experimental validation of this model, together with the extrapolation of productivities at larger scale was the topic of the PhD thesis of Yan GAO at CentraleSupelec 57 (directed by F. Lopes and O. Bernard).

Modeling thermal adaptation in microalgae. We studied a broad range of species and their response to temperature. Algorithms were developped to automatically calibrate the parameters of the CTMI and the Hinshelwood models 79. It turns out that the optimal temperature, the minimal and the maximal temperature for growth are strongly correlated. Relationships between these cardinal temperatures and key parameters from the environment (sea surface temperature, solar flux, ...) were explored. It turns out that some of the relationships stay valid also for a broad range of microorganisms such as yeast, bacteria.

Modeling $N_{2}O$ production in algae-bacteria systems. F. Casagli has set up dedicated experiments guided by modelling, in partnership with F. Béline (OPAALE team, INRAE Rennes), for measuring $N_{2}O$ production and emissions in algae-bacteria systems for wastewater remediation. The experimental results were used for validating experimentally the model predictions 72. The specific experimental set-up was financed by the Fondation L’Oréal - UNESCO with the prize For Women in Science and the "Prime C3" within the RIPEC.

8.4.2 Control and Optimization of microalgae production

Participants: Olivier Bernard, Francesca Casagli, Ignacio Fierro, Ali Gharib, Yan Gao.

Optimization of the microalgae production through light pattern

Dynamic light regimes strongly impact microalgal photosynthesis efficiency. Finding the optimal way to supply light is then a tricky problem, especially when the growth rate is inhibited by overexposition to light and, at the same time, there is a lack of light in the deepest part of the culture. We used the Han model to study the theoretical microalgal growth rate by applying periodically two different light intensities 15. For a large light period, we demonstrate that the average photosynthetic rate can be enhanced.

Microalgal growth is affected by the dynamics of photon harvesting processes, such as photoinhibition and photoacclimation. Taking into account these phenomena, we propose and solve an optimal control problem to maximize the production of biomass 37. Theoretical and numerical properties of the problem were described, where Turnpike-like properties were observed using Pontryagin's maximum principle and the BOCOP software for numerical simulations.

This is the subject of the PhD thesis of Ignacio Fierro in the framework of the ITN Digitalgaesation.

Optimization of the microalgae production through temperature control

Temperature plays a key role in the microalgae dynamics. We developed a heat transfer model coupled with biological model to simulate the temperature evolution, depending on the meteorology, and its impact on algal productivity. We propose a general framework to simulate these multiphysics systems, keeping a balanced degree of complexity between the biological and the physical models 71. We also considered the influence of a greenhouse on the medium temperature and subsequently on algal productivity 91 simulating different climatic conditions and the species for which the use of a greenhouse is beneficial. Based on that developed heat-transfer model, we proposed an auto-adaptive heat-transfer model39 that can predict the temperature evolution inside different type of raceway ponds or other cultivation systems using weather measurements.

A model predictive control algorithm was elaborated based on simple microalgae models coupled with physical models where culture depth influences thermal inertia. Optimal operation in continuous mode for outdoor cultivation was determined when allowing variable culture depth. Assuming known weather forecasts considerably improved the control efficiency. This is the subject of the PhD thesis of Ali Gharib in the framework of the ITN Digitalgaesation.

8.5.1 Control and optimization of bioprocesses for depollution

We consider artificial ecosystems including microalgae, cyanobacteria and bacteria in interaction. The objective is to more efficiently remove inorganic nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater, while producing a microalgal biomass which can be used for biofuel or bioplastic production 87,25. We designed and calibrated a model, that was validated with more than one year of data 74. The model analysis revealed that despite pH regulation, a strong limitation for inorganic carbon was found to hinder the process efficiency and to generate conditions that are favorable for N${}_2$O emission. A control strategy regulating alkalinity turns out to be necessary to enhance the performance and avoid harmful emissions 73. We developed a general framework for simulating biotechnological processes affected by meteorology, integrating, on top of the core biological model, a heat transfer model and a chemical sub-model for computing the speciation of all the dissociated chemical molecules 71. The developed framework is a powerful tool for advanced control and optimization of environmental processes, which can guide the scaling-up and management of the most innovative bioprocesses. In this framework was implemented the ABACO-2 model, in order to couple the biological model with the chemical model 22. We explored and quantified, through a modeling study, the advantage of adding a solid/liquid separation system to uncouple Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) and Solid Retention Time (SRT), in order to maximize the algal productivity and the nitrogen recycling 5.

A work was started to simplify these models and enhance their calibration by considering artificial neural networks, which are integrated in a way that the full model respects some key constraints (positivity, boundness, ...). A dedicated strategy was developed 34, 33 and successfully applied to experimental data from two pilot plants. This approach allows a fast calibration strategy for new processes by combining the hypothesis on mass balance and stroichiometry and the artificial neural networks. Another approach with neural ODE was also developed for representing microalgae growth in photobioreactors 43, 44.

8.5.2 Coupling microalgae to anaerobic digestion

Participants: Olivier Bernard, Antoine Sciandra, Jean-Philippe Steyer, Francesca Casagli, Annalisa Reali.

The coupling between a microalgal-bacteria high rate pond and an anaerobic digester is a promising alternative for sustainable energy production and wastewater treatment by transforming carbon dioxide into methane using light energy 87. The challenge when dealing with anaerobic digestion effluent for feeding the algae-bacteria process is the potential low alkalinity which can induce a competition between nitrifying bacteria and algae 11. We showed that this competition for inorganic carbon can create conditions favorable for N${}_2$O emission. We studied the metabolism of Chlorella vulgaris growing on fermentation products and developed a metabolic model 24 that was validated with a large number of experiments covering various working modes (autotrophic, heterotrophic, mixotrophic).

8.10.1 Ecophysiological modelling of plant-microbiota interactions

Root-knot nematodes (RKN) are microscopic root parasites that cause considerable yield losses in numerous crops worldwide. We are particularly interested in understanding the mechanisms that underlie plant tolerance, that is the ability of certains plants to sustain RKN infestation with limited damages. To address this, we built an ecophysiological model of plant growth, including both the vegetative and the reproductive phases, coupled with a model of nematode population dynamics. Briefly, the plant is divided into shoots, which provide carbon, and roots, which provide water for plant growth. During the reproductive phase, fruit onset marks the addition of a new carbon sink for the plant. Nematodes are explicitly considered as feeding on plant resources, so that any change in the plant physiological status or plant composition will in turn affect pest growth and multiplication, and vice versa. The apparition of fruits, in particular, can substantially modify the ressource allocation pattern of the plant, with important consequences on plant susceptibility to pest attack. The model was calibrated for two plant species using experimental data collected in the framework of INRAE ArchiNem project (2020-2021). A dedicated calibration pipeline was developed in order to combine heterogeneous data at different time-scales. At term, the model will be used to explore the dynamical behaviour of the system and to gain insight into the relative role of plant development and phenotypic traits (including physiological and architectural features), pest development and environmental factors in the progression of the infection.

This work is part of the PhD thesis of Joseph Penlap Tamagoua (Inria-INRAE funding 2022-2025) and was presented at several international conferences 65, 47. Two publications are currently in preparation, focusing respectively on the experimental results and on model development and calibration.

8.10.2 Epidemiological modelling of plant-enemy interactions

8.11.1 Design and control of synthetic microbial ecosystems

In the framework of ANR project Ctrl-AB, we considered a synthetic algal-bacterial consortium. The co-culture of E. coli with Chlorella could lead to higher biomass and lipid productivity. We developed a model, studied its dynamical behaviour and built observers to optimize some output 30. Moreover, we studied the effects of control on the system (PhD thesis of Rand Aswad, Grenoble, in collaboration with E. Cinquemani (Microcosme )).

In the framework of IPL Cosy (led by E. Cinquemani), we studied the coexistence of two strains of bacteria E. Coli in a bioreactor. The strains had been modified synthetically. The aim was to obtain a better productivity in the consortium than in a single strain, by control methods 84. We obtained optimization results for the optimal production or yield 19.

8.11.2 Design of biological control strategies

8.11.3 Sustainable management of plant resistance

We studied other plant protection methods dedicated to fight plant pathogens. Among these methods, there is the introduction of plant cultivars that are resistant to one pathogen. This often leads to the appearance of virulent pathogen strains that are capable of infecting the resistant plants.

We built a generic spatio-temporal epidemiological model representing (fungal) disease spread on annual field crops in a multi-pathogen context. This work benefits from data collected in INRAE projects COCODIV and DYNAMO on wheat diseases. It will pe pursued in the ENDURANCE and PAPEETE projects (section 10.4.1).

An epidemiological model of gene-for-gene interaction has been designed, considering increased defense to pathogen infections following previous exposure to a pathogen or an elicitor, namely priming. Priming provides a sort of immunity to virulent pathogens for resistant plants having undergone an infection attempt by an avirulent pathogen. We developed an epidemiological model to explore how mixing two distinct resistant varieties can reduce disease prevalence. We considered a pathogen population composed of three genotypes infecting either one or both varieties. We found that host mixtures should not contain an equal proportion of resistant plants, but a biased ratio to minimize disease prevalence, and that it should contain a lower proportion of the costliest resistance for the pathogen to break 12. This was done in collaboration with Frédéric Hamelin (Institut Agro) in the framework of Pauline Clin's thesis.

We also participated in an opinion paper advocating that the theoretical framework of population genetics could bridge the gap existing between evolution/epidemiology approaches and molecular approaches to the durability of resistance problem 26. This paper is the basis of the ENDURANCE ANR project (section 10.4.1).

10.1.1 Associate Teams in the framework of an Inria International Lab or in the framework of an Inria International Program

10.2.1 Visits of international scientists

• Jineth Arango Oviedo (PUC - VALPARAISO), spent one year (until Apr 2023) in the framework of the Blue Edge Associate Team.
• Elisabeth Gualda Alonso UNIV ALMERIA from Univ. Almeria spent two months (Sep 2023-Dec 2023).
• In the framework of the EPITAG Associate Team, we had the long term visit of Aurelien Kambeu Youmbi (UNIV DSCHANG CAMEROON), from Feb 2023 until Apr 2023 and Frank Kemayou Mangwa (UNIV DOUALA), from Feb 2023 until Apr 2023.
• In the framework of the ITN DigitAlgaesation, we had the visit of David Morgado Pereira (CENTRALESUPELEC, Nov-Dec 2023), Rebecca Nordio (University of Almeria, from Mar 2023 until May 2023), Tehreem Syed (TU Dresden, School of Engineering, until Mar 2023).
• Gustavo Ribeiro da Silva São Paulo State University/Universidade Estadual Paulista UNESP, from Apr 2023 until May 2023.

10.3.1 H2020 projects

10.4.1 National programmes

• ANR PhotoBioFilm Explorer: The first objective of the PhotoBioFilm project (2021-2024) is to explore the activity of the molecules produced within a microalgae biofilm, and explaining its resistance to contamination. The second objective is to identify, characterize and produce novel biocompounds with benefits for human or animal health. The target is antibiotics, but other activities will be tested, especially antiviral activities. Biocore will be in charge of the biofilm modeling and the optimization of the production of the molecules of interests. Project coordinated by O. Bernard.
• ANR Ctrl-AB: The objectives of the Ctrl-AB project (2021-2024) are (i) to develop new control methods for the optimization of the productivity of a microbial community, and (ii) to demonstrate the effectiveness of these methods on a synthetic algal-bacterial consortium. Interestingly, co-culturing of E. coli with Chlorella leads to higher biomass and lipid productivity. Improved growth of Chlorella occurs despite competition of E. coli for the same substrates. On top of its ability to produce molecules like vitamins, which are necessary for algal growth, the bacteria also produce carbon dioxide (CO${}_2$), which is the substrate of the photosynthesis of the algae. The algae can produce oxygen (O${}_2$) fueling bacterial growth, thus giving rise to a mutualistic pattern of interactions giving rise to several challenges for modeling and controlling this artificial ecosystem. Project coordinated by J.-L. Gouzé.
• ANR Maximic: The goal of the project (2017-2022) is to design and implement control strategies in a bacterium for producing at maximal rate a high value product. It is coordinated by H. de Jong (IBIS Grenoble), and involves members of Biocore and McTao.
• ANR InSync: This project (2022-2027) aims to decipher intercellular synchronization mechanisms responsible for robust rhythms in peripheral clocks. Focusing on hepatocytes, and using both 2D cultures and 3D spheroids, we will study cell communication patterns and cell clock synchronization. Project coordinated by M. Chaves, in collaboration with F. Delaunay (Institut Biologie de Valrose, UniCA) and L.Tournier (MaIAGE, INRAE Jouy-en-Josas).
• ANR Barrier: This proof of concept project (2023-20274) with multidisciplinary expertise is willing to demonstrate, from the laboratory to a pilot process, that selected bacteria can protect microalgae when growing in contaminated wastewaters, providing higher algal resilience, productivity and bioremediation efficiency in wastewater treatments. It is coordinated by O. Pringault (IRD, Mediterranean Institute of Oceanography).
• ANR SuzuKIISS:ME "Gérer Drosophila SuzuKII grâce aux Insectes Super Stériles : Maturation et Efficacité" (2022-2025). This project covers the ground from the development of the operational capacity and release strategies to deploy Sterile Insect Techniques (SIT), to the socio-economic impact of SIT on the control of the fruit fly Drosophila Suzukii.
• Plan Cancer, Imodrez: The objective of this project (2018-2022) is to understand cancer drug response heterogeneity using tumor single-cell dynamics and developing mathematical models and computational approaches. A project coordinated by J. Roux (IRCAN).
• ITMO Cancer Aviesan, Cellema: The objective of this project (2022-2025) is to determine the molecular factors that regulate tumor cell response dynamics to immune cell cytotoxicity and contribute to the development of diagnosis tools for the rational design of cancer combination therapies. We will use single-cell response data to develop mathematical models and combine them with machine learning algorithms to enhance prediction of same-cell responses. Project coordinated by M. Chaves, in collaboration with J. Roux (IPMC, CNRS) and D. Oyarzun (Univ. Edinburgh).
• ADEME- Biomsa: “Development of an environmental environmental biorefinery Methane Struvite-Algae” (2021-2023)coordinated by F. Beline, INRAE. The objective of this project is to assess, through a combination of experimental and modeling approach the performance of microalgae for wastewater treatment.
• SIGNALIFE: Biocore is part of this Labex (scientific cluster of excellence, 2nd period 2020-2024) whose objective is to build a network for innovation on Signal Transduction Pathways in Life Sciences, and is hosted by the University Côte d'Azur.
• UMT FIORIMED: FioriMed is a Mixed Technology Unit created in January 2015 to strengthen the production and dissemination of innovation to the benefit of ornamental horticulture. Horticultural greenhouses are seen as a "laboratory" for the actual implementation of agroecology concepts with the possibility of generic outcomes being transfered to other production systems. The main partners of UMT FioriMed are ASTREDHOR (National Institute of Horticulture) and the ISA Joint Research Unit of INRAE-CNRS-UniCA.
• EcoPhyto - CeraTIS Corse: “Territorial management of the Mediterranean fruit fly in Corsica by the Sterile Insect Technique” (2020-2022). This project is based on a pilot field experiment of sterile male releases and it integrates population dynamics and socio-economic approaches.
• EcoPhyto - INTERLUDE: “Territorial innovations to reduce phytoparmaceutical products for the sustainable production of vegetable crops” (2020-2022). BIOCORE members participate in a case study that focuses on the agroecological management of soil pests and pathogens in Provence.
• PEPR Agroécologie et Numérique - MISTIC “Microbiomes de plantes cultivées et TIC” (2023-2028). Our objective within this flagship project of the PEPR is to model and analyze plant microbial communities and their functioning, as well as to design minimal microbial communities guaranteeing maintained functions.

10.4.2 Inria funding

• Inria Startup Studio, DareWin: (2022-2023). The DareWin project is consolidating the bases of a startup which will develop Darwinian selection approaches in highly controlled bioreactors to naturally select and improve microalgal strains of industrial interest.

10.4.3 INRAE funding

• COCODIV: “Crop disease co-occurrence in cereal systems: determinants, role and management of cultivated and wild diversity from plot scale to landscape level integration”, INRAE SuMCrop Metaprogramme (2022–2023), in which Biocore is a partner with INRAE Sophia Antipolis.
• DYNAMO: “Drivers of the epidemic dynamics of wheat rusts at the landscape scale of the Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre”, INRAE SPE Division (2022-2024), in which Biocore is a partner with INRAE Sophia Antipolis.

11.1.1 Scientific events: organisation

11.1.2 Scientific events: selection

11.1.3 Journal

11.1.4 Invited talks

• Madalena Chaves gave talks at the Canceropole PACA Webinar (30 May 2023) and at the Journées Nationales de l'Informatique Mathématique, Paris (April 2023).
• Ludovic Mailleret gave a talk at the conference "Le MOnde des Mathématiques Industrielles", MOMI2023, Sophia Antipolis, April 2023.
• F. Casagli was invited to give a talk within the INRAE workshop "Sensors and numerical twins" on "Hybrid modelling of algae-bacteria systems" the 4th-5th Decembre in Lyon.
• O. Bernard was invited to give a talk at University of Quebec at Rimouski "Modelling an algae-bacteria artificial ecosystem for recovering nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater " the 28th of September 2023.
• O. Bernard was invited to give a talk at the 3rd Inria-DFKI European Summer School on AI (IDESSAI 2023) " Hybrid modelling of artificial microbial ecosystems for bioenergy production and waste water treatment " the 5th of September 2023.

11.1.5 Scientific expertise

• Walid Djema is appointed as the Inria representative on the Scientific Council of the “Académie d'Excellence 4: Complexité et Diversité du Vivant" de l'IDEX JEDI, UniCA.
• O. Bernard is in the Scientific Advisory Board of the "Ferment du futur" Grand challenge of France 2030.
• O. Bernard is a member of the scientific committe of IRD (Institute of Research for the Development) in the CSS5 section (models and data). He participated to the recruitement juries for researchers and research directors at IRD.
• O. Bernard is in the Scientific and Pedagogic committee of the UniCA- EUR LIFE and in the steering committee of Federal Recherche Institut (IFR) Marine Ressources (MARRES).
• O. Bernard is a member of the scientific committee of the Inalve company.
• Suzanne Touzeau participated in selection panels for INRAE junior research scientists.
• Madalena Chaves , Frédéric Grognard , and Ludovic Mailleret are members of the INRAE Commission Scientifique Spécialisée (CSS) for Mathématique, Informatique, Sciences et Technologies du numérique, Intelligence artificielle et Robotique (MISTI).
• Walid Djema was invited as guest participant in the CT-Control programming sprint organized by J.-B. Caillau and O. Cots. This event focused on collaborative efforts in the field of numerical optimization, specifically centered around the development of analysis tools for two distinct optimal control problems. Our team contributed to include projects from A. Gharib's research on Microalgae cultures and O. Dekkaki's work on waste management. Our involvement entailed the utilization of both direct and indirect optimization techniques tailored to address optimal control challenges within the life sciences domain.

11.1.6 Research administration

• Walid Djema was elected to the Center Committee (Comité de Centre) of Inria Sophia Antipolis.
• Olivier Bernard and Walid Djema are members of the local sustainable development committee (Commission Locale de Développement Durable (CLDD)) at Inria Sophia Antipolis.
• Madalena Chaves is member of the local Inria committee for doctoral studies (CSD) and head of the committee NICE for welcoming external researchers (post-docs, “delegations”). She is also a representative of Inria at the Canceropole PCA. She is the coordinator of the UE Biologie Systémique 1 of the new Master option on Bioinformatics and Computational Biology of the EUR Sciences du Vivant et de la Santé. Madalena Chaves is a member of the scientific committee of Labex Signalife (since 2020).
• Frédéric Grognard is a member of the steering committee of Academy 3, Space, Environment, Risk and Resilience of UCA-JEDI. He is co-head of the MSc Risk of UCA-JEDI and is a member of the Scientific Committee of the Agroecosysems department of INRAE.
• Ludovic Mailleret is the head of the M2P2 team (Models and Methods for Plant Protection) of ISA. He is in the Unit and scientific council of Institut Sophia Agrobiotech, and in the council of the INRAE PACA centre.
• Ludovic Mailleret is an elected member (since 2020) of the Scientific and Pedagogic Council (CoSP) of the EUR LIFE (Graduate school in Life and Health Sciences ) of Université Côte d'Azur.
• Suzanne Touzeau is a member of the steering committee of the INRAE Metaprogramme SuMCrop“Sustainable Management of Crop Health” (since 2016).
• Valentina Baldazzi and Suzanne Touzeau are elected members of the Institut Sophia Agrobiotech council.
• Jean-Luc Gouzé is in the Inria committee supervising the doctoral theses (until June), a member of the steering committee of Labex SIGNALIFE of Université Côte d’Azur, and of the scientific committee of Académie 4 (Life Sciences) of UniCA. He is a member of the board of the SFBT (French Speaking Society for Theoretical Biology).
• O. Bernard is a member of the ADT (Technological Development Actions) commission at Inria and of the local commission for sustainable development.

11.2.1 Teaching

• Master: F. Grognard (30h ETD) and W. Djema (15h ETD), “Elements of mathematical modelling", M1, MSc in Environmental Hazards and Risks Management, Université Côte d'Azur, France.
• Master: O. Bernard (24h ETD) and W. Djema (24h ETD), “Enseignement d’Intégration EI – ST5 Méthanisation”, CentraleSupélec, Paris-Saclay, France.
• Licence: W. Djema (40h ETD); “Mathématiques pour Biologistes: Analyse et Modélisation", L1 Université Côte d'Azur UniCA, France.
• Licence: W. Djema (32h ETD); “Math0: Enjeux", L1 Université Côte d'Azur UniCA, France.
• Licence: W. Djema (20h ETD); “Statistiques pour les Biologistes", L1 Université Côte d'Azur UniCA, France.
• Master: O. Bernard (4.5h ETD), “Bioenergy from microalgae”, M2, Master International Energy Management : alternatives pour l'énergie du futur, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, France.
• Master: O. Bernard (18h ETD), “Modeling biotechnological processes”, M2, Ecole CentraleSupelec, Saclay, France.
• Master: O. Bernard (18h ETD), “Automatic Control applied to biotechnological processes”, M2, Ecole CentraleSupelec, Saclay, France.
• Master: O. Bernard (6h ETD), “Cultivation and use of Microalgae”, Master Mares, Université Côte d'Azur, France.
• Licence: O. Bernard (35h ETD), “Use and optimization of photobioreactors”, Université de Pau et des pays de l'Adour, France.
• BUT: Odile Burckard (12h ETD) "Fondamentaux de la programmation" 1st year, IUT de Nice Côte d'Azur (Département Réseaux et Télécommunications).
• Licence: Clotilde Djuikem (40h ETD) "Analyse et modélisation", PO1, Sciences de la vie, Université Côte d'Azur, France
• Licence: Clotilde Djuikem (16h ETD) "Fondements 2", PO1 Sciences, ingénierie, technologie, environnement, Université Côte d'Azur, France
• Licence : Clotilde Djuikem (24h ETD) "Intro. à la modélisation mathématique et numérique", L3, 1st year Engineering in "Genie de l'eau", Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, France
• Licence: Clotilde Djuikem (28h ETD)"Statistiques et R", L3, 1st year Engineering in Modeling and Applied Mathematics, Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, France
• Licence: Pauline Mazel (16h TD) and Joseph Junior Penlap Tamagoua (32h TD), “Fondements mathématiques 1 - partie algèbre linéaire”, L1, Portail Sciences et Technologies, Université Côte d'Azur, France
• Licence: Frédéric Grognard (42h ETD) and Ludovic Mailleret (24h ETD), “Equations différentielles ordinaires et systèmes dynamiques”, L3, 1st year Engineering in Modeling and Applied Mathematics, Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, France
• Licence: Joseph Junior Penlap Tamagoua (28h TD), "Approximation de fonctions, intégrales et EDO", L3 Mathématiques, Université Côte d'Azur, France
• Master : Jean-Luc Gouzé (20h ETD), Madalena Chaves (13.5h ETD), “Modeling biological networks by ordinary differential equations”, M1, 4th year Engineering in Génie biologique, Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, France.
• Master: Frédéric Grognard (21h ETD) and Ludovic Mailleret (21h ETD), “Bio-Mathématiques”, M1, 2nd year Engineering in Modeling and Applied Mathematics, Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, France.
• Research School: Suzanne Touzeau gave a lecture at the CIMPA school “Mathematical and statistical modeling of complex systems", N'Djamena, Chad, 2–13 January 2023.
• Licence: C. Djuikem – ATER contract (24h ETD), "Processus Stochastiques", L3, 1st year Engineering in Modeling and Applied Mathematics, Polytech Nice Sophia, Université Côte d'Azur, France.
• Licence: C. Djuikem – ATER contract (60h ETD), "Statistiques", L1 Sciences de la vie, Université Côte d'Azur, France.

11.2.2 Supervision

• HDR: Frédéric Grognard . "Modelling and control of managed ecosystems, from bioreactors to agroecosystems", Université Côte d’Azur, defended February 20th.
• PhD defended the 9th of February 2023: B. Assis Pessi. “Optimization of microalgae efficiency using reduced metabolic models”, Université Côte d'Azur. 2019-2023. Supervisors: O. Bernard and L. Giraldi (team Calisto).
• PhD defended in 2023 : Yan GAO. "Optimisation of microalgae biofilms as a future source of biomolecules", Université de Saclay, 2018-2023. Supervisors: F. Lopes and O. Bernard.
• PhD in progress: R. Ranini. "Deep leanring approaches for enhancing models in oceanography", UniCA, since 2022. Supervisors: L. Guidi and O. Bernard.
• PhD in progress: R. Asswad. “Développement de stratégies de contrôle pour les consortiums microbiens synthétiques”, since October 2022, Université Grenoble-Alpes Supervisors J.-L. Gouzé and E. Cinquemani (Microcosme, Inria Grenoble).
• PhD in progress: Pauline Mazel. “Modeling and control of cancer cell population dynamics", since oct. 2023. Supervisors: F. Grognard (director, Macbes) and W. Djema (co-director, Biocore).
• PhD in progress: Javier Innerarity Imizcoz. “Optimal bacterial resource allocation for metabolite production", since nov. 2023. Supervisors: Jean-Luc Gouzé (director, Macbes), Francis Mairet (co-director, Ifremer Nantes) and W. Djema (co-supervisor, Biocore).
• PhD: Marielle Péré . “Modeling cancer drug response dynamics in single-cells to predict the emergence of drug-tolerant cells", Université Côte d’Azur, defended March 27th. Supervisors: Madalena Chaves and Jérémie Roux .
• PhD: Clotilde Djuikem . “Modelling and control of perennial plant phytopathogens”, Université Côte d'Azur, defended January 5th. Supervisors: Frédéric Grognard , Suzanne Touzeau and Samuel Bowong (Univ. Douala, Cameroon).
• PhD: Melina Cointe. “Mieux prédire la propagation spatiale de groupes de trichogrammes pour améliorer le biocontrôle : de l'écologie du mouvement à la dispersion dans les cultures”, Université Côte d'Azur, defended Octobre 13th. Supervisors Vincent Calcagno, Ludovic Mailleret .
• PhD in progress: Aurelien Kambeu Youmbi . "Self-Financing Model for Cabbage Crops with Pest Management", University of Dschang,Cameroon, since 2020. Supervisors: Berge Tsanou, Suzanne Touzeau and Frédéric Grognard .
• PhD in progress: Odile Burckard . "Coupling, synchronization, and control of cellular oscillators through mathematical modeling and analysis", Université Côte d'Azur, since 2021. Supervisor: Madalena Chaves .
• PhD in progress: Marine Courtois. "Modélisation de la technique de l'insecte stérile dans un contexte agricole : comment intégrer les réalités biologiques et techniques pour optimiser son déploiement ?", Université Côte d'Azur, since 2022. Supervisors Ludovic Mailleret , Suzanne Touzeau and Louise Van Oudenhove De Saint Gery .
• PhD in progress: I. Fierro Ulloa. “Development and analysis of a digital twin for monitoring, control and optimization applications in microalgae: the Microalgae Model”, since September 2021, UniCA. Supervisor: O. Bernard.
• PhD in progress: A. Gharib. “Robust control of microalgae processes accounting for future meteorology”, since September 2021. (UniCA, ITN Digitalgaesation). Supervisors: O. Bernard (director) and W. Djema (co-director).
• PhD in progress: D. Penaranda Sandoval. “Environmental impact assesment of technologically immature processes”, Université Côte d'Azur. Since 2020. Supervisor: O. Bernard.
• PhD in progress: Joseph Junior Penlap Tamagoua . "Ecophysiological modeling of plant-nematode interactions: Understanding the origins and consequences of differential plant susceptibility", Université Côte d'Azur, since 2022. Supervisors: Valentina Baldazzi , Frédéric Grognard and Suzanne Touzeau .
• PhD in progress: Frank Kemayou Mangwa . "Mathematical modeling and analysis of the impact of Radopholus similis on the banana-plantain production", University of Douala, Cameroon, since 2022. Supervisors: Samuel Bowong, Suzanne Touzeau and Frédéric Grognard .
• PhD in progress: Benjamin Böbel . "Mathematical models for robustness and control of intercellular coupling and synchronization between peripheral circadian clocks", Université Côte d'Azur, since April 2023. Supervisors: Madalena Chaves and Jean-Luc Gouzé .

11.2.3 Master theses and internships

• L1: M. Scalabrino `Modelling of Algae growth with Neural Network A Computer-Model Machine-Learning Approach.” UniCA, F. Casagli and O. Bernard.
• L2: Jules Baldous. "Inflation écologique, interactions proies-prédateurs et modélisation des augmentoriums." Supervisor Ludovic Mailleret .
• M2: Taha Belkhayate. "Modélisation de la technique de l’insecte stérile avec sexage imparfait", Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour. Supervisors: Marine Courtois, Louise Van Oudenhove De Saint Gery and Ludovic Mailleret .

• M2: Javier Innerarity Imizcoz (Sorbonne Univ.). “Optimal bacterial resource allocation", UniCA/Inria.

  Supervisors: Jean-Luc Gouzé (Macbes) and W. Djema (Biocore).

• M2: Eliane Younes (Montpellier Univ.). “Analysis of a healthy-cancer cell competition model", UniCA/Inria. Supervisor: W. Djema (Biocore).
• M2: Annalisa Reali (School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Italy). "Modelling of algae-bacteria systems for processing marine wastewaters". Supervisor: F. Casagli and O. Bernard.
• M1: Dylan Cormet. "Développement d’un package Julia pour l’épidémiologie saisonnière des maladies des plantes", Polytech Nice. Supervisors: Ludovic Mailleret and Frédéric Grognard

11.2.4 Juries

• O. Bernard was referee of the PhD of J. Sebile-Meilleroux, December 21th (Univ. Nantes).
• O. Bernard was referee of the PhD of J. Farinacci, University of Strasbourg (June, the 14th, 2023),
• O. Bernard was referee of the PhD of A. Saccardo, University of Padova (It) (2023).
• Jean-Luc Gouzé was a member of the jury for the PhD thesis of Clotilde Djuikem (UniCA), for the HDR of Frédéric Grognard (UniCA), and was a rapporteur for the HDR of D. Bichara (Univ. Bordeaux).
• Jean-Luc Gouzé was in the PhD committee of P. Jacquet (Univ. Grenoble) and A. Pavlou (Univ. Grenoble).

• Madalena Chaves was a rapporteur for the PhD thesis of Ana Bulovic (Institut für Biologie, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, April 17th 2023). She was a member of the jury for the PhD thesis of Maaike Sansgter (Université Grenoble Alpes, May 11th 2023).

  Madalena Chaves is in the Comité de Suivi Doctoral of: Romain Michelucci (UniCA), Adel Anabi (UniCA), Joseph Penlap (UniCA), and Clémence Métayer (Institut Curie).

11.3.1 Education

• Madalena Chaves was selected to be part of a group of 101 Portuguese Women in Science, highlighted to showcase several branches of science and research, and motivate young generations to follow a scientific education. Photos of each scientist with a short phrase are on exhibition at the Pavilhão do Conhecimento - Ciência Viva museum in Lisbon and in a booklet.

11.3.2 Interventions

• Charlotte Gaviard was interviewed for the Tribune Côte d'Azur to present the DareWin Evolution project for which she received the i-PhD price.
• Walid Djema gave a presentation in PHD SEMINARS at INRIA (23/01/2023).
• Francesca Casagli was invited for a talk at TEDX Cannes 2023 to highlight her research work. (24/11/2023).
• O. Bernard gave all-public presentations in MANDELIEU and Venanson.

International journals

• 6 articleF.Flora Aubree, B.Baptiste Lac, L.Ludovic Mailleret and V.Vincent Calcagno. Migration pulsedness alters patterns of allele fixation and local adaptation in a mainland-island model.Evolution - International Journal of Organic Evolution773March 2023, 718-730HALDOIback to text
• 7 articleN.Nicolas Augier, M.Madalena Chaves and J.-L.Jean-Luc Gouzé. Weak synchronization and convergence in coupled genetic regulatory networks: Applications to damped oscillators and multistable circuits.International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control339June 2023, 4867-4892HALDOIback to text
• 8 articleV.Valentina Baldazzi, D.Delphine Ropers, J.-L.Jean-Luc Gouzé, T.Tomas Gedeon and H.Hidde de Jong. Resource allocation accounts for the large variability of rate-yield phenotypes across bacterial strains.eLife12May 2023, 1-29HALDOIback to text
• 9 articleP.Pierre Bernhard, M.Marc Deschamps and G.Georges Zaccour. Large satellite constellations and space debris: exploratory analysis of strategic management of the space commons.European Journal of Operational Research3043February 2023, 1140-1157HALDOI
• 10 articleV.Victor Burte, M.Melina Cointe, G.Guy Perez, L.Ludovic Mailleret and V.Vincent Calcagno. When complex movement yields simple dispersal: behavioural heterogeneity, spatial spread and parasitism in groups of micro-wasps.Movement Ecology111December 2023, 13HALDOIback to text
• 11 articleF.Francesca Casagli, F.Fabrice Béline, E.Elena Ficara and O.Olivier Bernard. Optimizing resource recovery from wastewater with algae-bacteria membrane reactors.Chemical Engineering Journal451January 2023, 138488HALDOIback to textback to text
• 12 articleP.Pauline Clin, F.Frédéric Grognard, D.Didier Andrivon, L.Ludovic Mailleret and F. M.Frédéric M. Hamelin. The proportion of resistant hosts in mixtures should be biased towards the resistance with the lowest breaking cost.PLoS Computational Biology195May 2023, e1011146HALDOIback to text
• 13 articleM.Melina Cointe, V.V. Burte, G.G. Perez, L.Ludovic Mailleret and V.Vincent Calcagno. A double-spiral maze and hi-resolution tracking pipeline to study dispersal by groups of minute insects.Scientific Reports131December 2023, 5200HALDOIback to text
• 14 articleC.Clotilde Djuikem, F.Frédéric Grognard and S.Suzanne Touzeau. Impulsive modelling of rust dynamics and predator releases for biocontrol.Mathematical Biosciences356January 2023, 108968HALDOIback to textback to textback to text
• 15 articleI.Ignacio Fierro, L.-D.Liu-Di Lu and O.Olivier Bernard. Theoretical growth rate of microalgae under high/low-flashing light.Journal of Mathematical Biology2023HALback to textback to text
• 16 articleY.Yves Fotso Fotso, S.Suzanne Touzeau, F.Frédéric Grognard, B.Berge Tsanou and S.Samuel Bowong. Optimal Control of Coffee Berry Borers: Synergy Between Bio-insecticide and Traps.Journal of Optimization Theory and Applications19632023, 882-899HALDOIback to textback to textback to text
• 17 articleY.Yan Gao, O.Olivier Bernard, A.Andrea Fanesi, P.Patrick Perré and F.Filipa Lopes. The impact of light/dark regimes on structure and physiology of Chlorella vulgaris biofilms.Frontiers in Microbiology14October 2023HALDOIback to text
• 18 articleY.Yan Gao, J. I.J. Ignacio Fierro U, P.Patrick Perré, F.Filipa Lopes and O.Olivier Bernard. Microalgal biofilm behavior under light/dark cycles.IFAC-PapersOnLine5622023, 9739-9744HALDOIback to text
• 19 articleC.Carlos Martinez, E.Eugenio Cinquemani, H.Hidde de Jong and J.-L.Jean-Luc Gouzé. Optimal protein production by a synthetic microbial consortium: Coexistence, distribution of labor, and syntrophy.Journal of Mathematical Biology872023, 1-37HALDOIback to text
• 20 articleT.Thibaut Morel-Journel, M.Marjorie Haond, L.Lana Dunan, L.Ludovic Mailleret and E.Elodie Vercken. Colonisation debt: when invasion history impacts current range expansion.Peer Community Journal3June 2023, e59HALDOIback to text
• 21 articleD.David Morgado, A.Andrea Fanesi, T.Thierry Martin, S.Sihem Tebbani, O.Olivier Bernard and F.Filipa Lopes. Exploring the dynamics of astaxanthin production in Haematococcus pluvialis biofilms using a rotating biofilm‐based system.Biotechnology and BioengineeringDecember 2023HALDOIback to textback to text
• 22 articleR.Rebecca Nordio, E.Enrique Rodríguez-Miranda, F.Francesca Casagli, A.Ana Sánchez-Zurano, J. L.José Luis Guzmán and G.Gabriel Acién. ABACO-2: a comprehensive model for microalgae-bacteria consortia validated outdoor at pilot-scale.Water Research248January 2024, 120837HALDOIback to text
• 23 articleD.Diego Penaranda, H.Hubert Bonnefond, F.Freddy Guihéneuf, M.Marjorie Morales and O.Olivier Bernard. Life cycle assessment of an innovative rotating biofilm technology for microalgae production: An eco-design approach.Journal of Cleaner Production384January 2023, 135600HALDOIback to text
• 24 articleB. A.Bruno Assis Pessi, C.Caroline Baroukh, A.Anais Bacquet and O.Olivier Bernard. A universal dynamical metabolic model representing mixotrophic growth of Chlorella sp. on wastes.Water Research2292023, 119388HALDOIback to textback to text
• 25 articleS.Simone Rossi, M.Marco Mantovani, F.Francesca Marazzi, M.Micol Bellucci, F.Francesca Casagli, V.Valeria Mezzanotte and E.Elena Ficara. Microalgal cultivation on digestate: Process efficiency and economics.Chemical Engineering JournalVolume 460141753March 2023HALDOIback to text
• 26 articleM.Méline Saubin, C.Clémentine Louet, L.Lydia Bousset, F.Frédéric Fabre, P.Pascal Frey, I.Isabelle Fudal, F.Frédéric Grognard, F. M.Frédéric M. Hamelin, L.Ludovic Mailleret, S.Solenn Stoeckel, S.Suzanne Touzeau, B.Benjamin Petre and F.Fabien Halkett. Improving sustainable crop protection using population genetics concepts.Molecular Ecology3210May 2023, 2461-2471HALDOIback to text
• 27 articleA. G.Agustín Gabriel Yabo, M.Mohab Safey El Din, J.-B.Jean-Baptiste Caillau and J.-L.Jean-Luc Gouzé. Stability analysis of a bacterial growth model through computer algebra.MathematicS In Action121September 2023, 175-189HALDOI

Invited conferences

• 28 inproceedingsL.Ludovic Mailleret. Hands on Pluto : dynamical systems with reactive Julia notebooks.Julia daySophia Antipolis, FranceJanuary 2023HAL
• 29 inproceedingsL.Ludovic Mailleret. Pulsed perturbations in population dynamics.MOMI2023 - Le MOnde des Mathématiques IndustriellesSophia Antipolis (06), FranceApril 2023HAL

International peer-reviewed conferences

• 30 inproceedingsJ. C.Juan Carlos Arceo, O.Olivier Bernard and J.-L.Jean-Luc Gouzé. Observer Design via Non-Monotone Lyapunov Functions for Monitoring Heterotrophic Microalgae.IfacOnLine22nd IFAC World CongressYokohama, Japan2023HALback to text
• 31 inproceedingsH.H. Bonnefond, C.C. Gaviard, E.E. Pruvost, A.A. Talec, A.Antoine Sciandra and O.O. Bernard. Strain optimization by continuous selection pressure: a focus on phycocyanin production.AlgaEurope 2023Prague, Czech Republic2023HALback to text
• 32 inproceedingsO.Odile Burckard, M.Madalena Chaves, F.Franck Delaunay and M.Michèle Teboul. Couplage et synchronisation d’horloges circadiennes périphériques.Médecine du Sommeil48ème congrès de la Société Francophone de Chronobiologie204Paris, FranceDecember 2023, 249HALDOIback to text
• 33 inproceedingsF.Francesca Casagli and O.Olivier Bernard. Hybrid modelling of algae-bacteria processes for resource recovery.AlgaEurope 2023Prague, Czech RepublicDecember 2023HALback to text
• 34 inproceedingsF.Francesca Casagli, M.Morgan Scalabrino, I.Ignacio Fierro and O.Olivier Bernard. Hybrid Machine LearningMechanistic Modeling Of AlgaeBacteria Processes Under Various Climatologies.11TH IWA SYMPOSIUM ON MODELLING AND INTEGRATED ASSESSMENTQuebec city, CanadaSeptember 2023HALback to text
• 35 inproceedingsO.Othman Cherkaoui Dekkaki and W.Walid Djema. Optimal control of a bioeconomic model applied to the recovery of household waste.2023 American Control Conference (ACC)San Diego, United StatesIEEEMay 2023, 2135-2140HALDOIback to text
• 36 inproceedingsW.Walid Djema, C.Catherine Bonnet, H.Hitay Ozbay and F.Frederic Mazenc. A practical cell density stabilization technique through drug infusions: a simple pathfinding approach.IEEE Xplore2023 European Control Conference (ECC 2023)2023 European Control Conference (ECC)Bucharest, RomaniaJune 2023HALDOIback to text
• 37 inproceedingsI.Ignacio Fierro, W.Walid Djema and O.Olivier Bernard. Optimal control of microalgae culture accounting for photoinhibition and light attenuation.IFAC World Congress 2023Yokohama, JapanJuly 2023HALback to textback to text
• 38 inproceedingsA.Ali Gharib, F.Francesca Casagli, W.Walid Djema, P.Pedro Moñino Fernandez, R.Rocca Chin-On and O.Olivier Bernard. Validation of a simple and adaptive prediction model for temperature in outdoor microalgae cultivation systems.14th European Congress of Chemical Engineering and 7th European Congress of Applied Biotechnology (ECCE 14 & ECAB 7)Berlin, Germany2023HAL
• 39 inproceedingsA.Ali Gharib, W.Walid Djema, F.Francesca Casagli and O.Olivier Bernard. An auto-adaptive heat transfer model predicting the temperature evolution in photobioreactors.22nd IFAC World Congress: Yokohama, Japan562Yokohama, Japan2023, 9715-9720HALDOIback to text
• 40 inproceedingsD.Diego Penaranda, M.Marjorie Morales, F.Freddy Guihéneuf and O.Olivier Bernard. LCA for technologies at low technological readiness level: A case study on microalgae cultivation system.CILCA 2023 - X Conferencia Latinoamericana de Análisis de Ciclo de VidaViña del Mar, ChileJuly 2023HALback to text

Conferences without proceedings

• 41 inproceedings M.Marine Courtois, K.Kévan Rastello, F.Frédéric Grognard, L.Ludovic Mailleret, S.Suzanne Touzeau and L.Louise van Oudenhove. How does residual fertility impact the effectiveness of the sterile insect technique in controlling Ceratitis capitata? MPDEE 2023 - Mathematical Population Dynamics, Ecology and Evolution Marseille, France April 2023 HAL back to text
• 42 inproceedingsC.Clotilde Djuikem, F.Frédéric Grognard and S.Suzanne Touzeau. Impulsive modelling of rust dynamics and predator releases.CMPD6 - Computational and Mathematical Population DynamicsWinnipeg, CanadaMay 2023HALback to text
• 43 inproceedingsJ. I.J. Ignacio Fierro U and O.Olivier Bernard. Neural ODEs for phytoplankton modeling.Journées scientifiques INRIA ChileValparaiso (Chile), Chile2023HALback to text
• 44 inproceedingsJ. I.J. Ignacio Fierro U and O.Olivier Bernard. Physic-informed neural networks for microalgae modeling.14th European Congress of Chemical Engineering and 7th European Congress of Applied BiotechnologyBerlin, Germany2023HALback to text
• 45 inproceedingsA.Aurelien Kambeu Youmbi, S.Suzanne Touzeau, F.Frédéric Grognard and B.Berge Tsanou. Self-financing model for cabbage crops.MPDEE 2023 - Conference on Mathematical Population Dynamics, Ecology and EvolutionMarseille, FranceApril 2023HALback to text
• 46 inproceedingsC.Crésus Kounoudji, S.Suzanne Touzeau, F.Frédéric Grognard, L.Louise van Oudenhove and L.Ludovic Mailleret. A sex- and stage-structured population dynamics model for pest control using the sterile insect technique.MPDEE 2023 - Mathematical Population Dynamics, Ecology and EvolutionMarseille, FranceApril 2023HALback to text
• 47 inproceedingsJ. J.Joseph Junior Penlap Tamagoua, S.Suzanne Touzeau, F.Frédéric Grognard and V.Valentina Baldazzi. Modelling plant - nematode interactions to understand plant tolerance.MPDEE 2023 - Conference on Mathematical Population Dynamics, Ecology and EvolutionMarseille, FranceApril 2023HALback to text

Doctoral dissertations and habilitation theses

• 48 thesisC.Clotilde Djuikem. Mathematical modelling and control of perennial plant phytopathogens.Université Côte d'AzurJanuary 2023HALback to textback to textback to text
• 49 thesisY.Yan Gao. Optimisation of microalgae biofilms as a future source of biomolecules.Université Paris-SaclayFebruary 2023back to text
• 50 thesisF.Frédéric Grognard. Modelling and control of managed ecosystems, from bioreactors to agroecosystems.Université Côte D'AzurFebruary 2023HALback to text
• 51 thesisM.Marielle Péré. Modeling cancer drug response dynamics in single-cells to predict the emergence of drug-tolerant cells.Université Côte d'AzurMarch 2023HALback to text
• 52 thesisB. A.Bruno Assis Pessi. Optimization of microalgae efficiency using reduced metabolic models.Université Côte d'AzurFebruary 2023HALback to text

Reports & preprints

• 53 miscO.Odile Burckard and M.Madalena Chaves. Analytic solutions for the circadian oscillator characterize cycle dynamics and its robustness.December 2023HALDOIback to text
• 54 miscM.Melina Cointe, V.Victor Burte, G.Guy Perez, L.Ludovic Mailleret and V.Vincent Calcagno. A double-spiral maze and hi-resolution tracking pipeline to study dispersal by groups of minute insects.2023HALDOI
• 55 miscJ.Jacky Cresson, M.Marielle Péré and A.Anna Szafranska. Numerical approach to the identification of fractional differential equations and applications in epidemics.April 2023HAL
• 56 miscY.Yves Fotso Fotso, S.Suzanne Touzeau, B.Berge Tsanou, F.Frédéric Grognard and S.Samuel Bowong. Optimal impulsive control of coffee berry borers in a berry age-structured epidemiological model.2023HALback to textback to textback to text
• 57 miscY.Yan Gao, O.Olivier Bernard, A.Andrea Fanesi, P.Patrick Perré and F.Filipa Lopes. The effect of light intensity on microalgae biofilm structures and physiology under continuous illumination.June 2023HALDOIback to textback to textback to textback to text
• 58 miscH.Hussein Kanso, M.-M.Mohamed-Mahmoud Memah, V.Valentina Baldazzi, B.Bénédicte Quilot-Turion and C.Charlotte Baey. Assessing Inter-Individual Genetic Variability in Peach Sugar Metabolism through Reliable Parameter Estimation of a Kinetic Model.August 2023HALDOI
• 59 miscT.Thibaut Morel-Journel, M.Marjorie Haond, L.Lana Dunan, L.Ludovic Mailleret and E.Elodie Vercken. Colonisation debt: when invasion history impacts current range expansion.November 2022HALDOI

Other scientific publications

• 60 inproceedingsO.Odile Burckard and M.Madalena Chaves. Benchmark for quantitative characterization of circadian clock models.21st International Conference on Computational Methods in Systems BiologyLNCS.LNBI-14137Computational Methods in Systems Biology 21st International Conference, CMSB 2023, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg, September 13–15, 2023, ProceedingsLuxembourg City, LuxembourgSeptember 2023HALback to text
• 61 inproceedingsM.Marine Courtois, K.Kévan Rastello, F.Frédéric Grognard, L.Ludovic Mailleret, S.Suzanne Touzeau and L.Louise van Oudenhove. Sterile Insect Technique for crop protection: accounting for residual fertility.Le MOnde des Mathématiques Industrielles, MOMI2023Sophia Antipolis, FranceApril 2023HALback to text
• 62 inproceedingsM.Marine Courtois, K.Kévan Rastello, F.Frédéric Grognard, L.Ludovic Mailleret, S.Suzanne Touzeau and L.Louise van Oudenhove. Sterile insect technique for crop protection: accounting for residual fertility.DSABNS 2023 - 14th Conference on Dynamical Systems Applied to Biology and Natural SciencesBilbao, Spain, SpainFebruary 2023HALback to text
• 63 inproceedingsD.Diego Penaranda, F.Francesca Casagli, F.Fabrice Beline and O.Olivier Bernard. Life cycle analysis of water resource recovery facilities based on algae-bacteria processes.Watermatex 2023 - 11th IWA Symposium on Modelling and Integrated AssessmentQuebec City, QC, CanadaSeptember 2023HALback to textback to text
• 64 inproceedingsD.Diego Penaranda, M.Marjorie Morales, F.Freddy Guihéneuf and O.Olivier Bernard. LCA of a next-generation microalgae cultivation system: Eco-design approach for emerging technologies.LCM 2023 - The 11th International Conference on life cycle ManagementLille, FranceSeptember 2023HALback to textback to text
• 65 inproceedingsJ. J.Joseph Junior Penlap Tamagoua, S.Suzanne Touzeau, F.Frédéric Grognard and V.Valentina Baldazzi. Ecophysiological modelling of plant-nematode interactions to understand plant tolerance.DSABNS 2023 Conference - 14th International Conference on Dynamical Systems Applied to Biology and Natural SciencesBilbao, Spain2023HALback to text

Scientific popularization

• 66 inproceedingsF.Flora Aubree, B.Baptiste Lac, L.Ludovic Mailleret and V.Vincent Calcagno. Life is not a long quiet river: consequences of migration pulsedness for adaptation and divergence.Complex DaysComplex Days 2023Complex Days3Nice, FranceFebruary 2023HAL
• 67 inproceedingsM.Mélina Cointe, V.Victor Burte, G.Guy Perez, L.Ludovic Mailleret and V.Vincent Calcagno. Bridging behavior and spatial propagation: a new double spiral maze and image analysis pipeline to study dispersal in groups of minute insects.Complex DaysUCA Complex Days 2023Complex Days3Nice, FranceFebruary 2023HAL