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DANCE - 2025

2025Activity​​​‌ reportProject-TeamDANCE

RNSR:‌ 202123950W

Creation of the‌​‌ Project-Team: 2021 February 01​​

Each year, Inria research​​​‌ teams publish an Activity‌ Report presenting their work‌​‌ and results over the​​ reporting period. These reports​​​‌ follow a common structure,‌ with some optional sections‌​‌ depending on the specific​​ team. They typically begin​​​‌ by outlining the overall‌ objectives and research programme,‌​‌ including the main research​​ themes, goals, and methodological​​​‌ approaches. They also describe‌ the application domains targeted‌​‌ by the team, highlighting​​​‌ the scientific or societal​ contexts in which their​‌ work is situated.

The​​ reports then present the​​​‌ highlights of the year,​ covering major scientific achievements,​‌ software developments, or teaching​​ contributions. When relevant, they​​​‌ include sections on software,​ platforms, and open data,​‌ detailing the tools developed​​ and how they are​​​‌ shared. A substantial part​ is dedicated to new​‌ results, where scientific contributions​​ are described in detail,​​​‌ often with subsections specifying​ participants and associated keywords.​‌

Finally, the Activity Report​​ addresses funding, contracts, partnerships,​​​‌ and collaborations at various​ levels, from industrial agreements​‌ to international cooperations. It​​ also covers dissemination and​​​‌ teaching activities, such as​ participation in scientific events,​‌ outreach, and supervision. The​​ document concludes with a​​​‌ presentation of scientific production,​ including major publications and​‌ those produced during the​​ year.

Keywords

Computer Science​​​‌ and Digital Science

  • A1.2.6.​ Sensor networks
  • A1.2.9. Social​‌ Networks
  • A1.5. Complex systems​​
  • A2.3.5. Cyber-physical systems
  • A6.1.1.​​​‌ Continuous Modeling (PDE, ODE)​
  • A6.1.3. Discrete Modeling (multi-agent,​‌ people centered)
  • A6.1.4. Multiscale​​ modeling
  • A6.2.6. Optimization
  • A6.4.​​​‌ Automatic control
  • A8.8. Network​ science
  • A9.16. Societal impact​‌ of AI

Other Research​​ Topics and Application Domains​​​‌

  • B2.3. Epidemiology
  • B6.3.4. Social​ Networks
  • B7. Transport and​‌ logistics
  • B7.1. Traffic management​​
  • B7.2. Smart travel
  • B8.2.​​​‌ Connected city
  • B8.3. Urbanism​ and urban planning

1​‌ Team members, visitors, external​​ collaborators

Research Scientists

  • Paolo​​​‌ Frasca [Team leader​, CNRS, Researcher​‌, HDR]
  • Carlos​​ Canudas-de-Wit [CNRS,​​​‌ Senior Researcher, HDR​]
  • Federica Garin [​‌INRIA, Researcher]​​
  • Gustav Nilsson [INRIA​​​‌, Researcher, from​ Oct 2025]

Faculty​‌ Members

  • Giacomo Casadei [​​UGA, Associate Professor​​​‌]
  • Hassen Fourati [​UGA, Associate Professor​‌]
  • Alain Kibangou [​​UGA, Associate Professor​​​‌, HDR]

Post-Doctoral​ Fellows

  • Joel Ignacio Fierro​‌ Ulloa [INRIA,​​ Post-Doctoral Fellow]
  • Sebastien​​​‌ Fueyo [CNRS,​ Post-Doctoral Fellow]
  • Simone​‌ Mariano [UGA,​​ from Jul 2025,​​​‌ Post-Doctoral Fellow]

PhD​ Students

  • Alex Ardelean [​‌UGA, from Oct​​ 2025]
  • Tarek Bazizi​​​‌ [GRENOBLE INP]​
  • Manuel Campero Jurado [​‌INRIA]
  • Yann Cauchepin​​ [NAVAL GROUP,​​​‌ CIFRE]
  • Guillaume Gasnier​ [CNRS]
  • Omar​‌ Meebed [CNRS]​​
  • Raoul Prisant [CNRS​​​‌]
  • Eduardo Steve Rodriguez​ Canales [INRIA]​‌
  • Ghadeer Shaaban [UGA​​, until Sep 2025​​​‌]

Technical Staff

  • Manuela​ Fernanda Ceron Viveros [​‌CNRS]
  • Yohan Masson​​ [FLORALIS, from​​​‌ Sep 2025]
  • Yohan​ Masson [CNRS,​‌ until Jul 2025]​​

Administrative Assistants

  • Marie-Anne Dauphin-Rizzi​​​‌ [INRIA]
  • Laura​ Leone [Randstad,​‌ from Aug 2025]​​

2 Overall objectives

DANCE​​​‌ is a joint research​ team of Centre Inria​‌ de l'Université Grenoble Alpes​​ and GIPSA-lab, established​​​‌ in February 2021 as​ the evolution of former​‌ team NeCS. The​​ team is bilocated at​​​‌ the Inria center in​ Montbonnot and at Gipsa-Lab​‌ on Saint-Martin-d'Hères campus, both​​ locations being in the​​​‌ Grenoble area.

The team's​ mission is to advance​‌ the field of Automatic​​ Control to meet the​​ challenges of today’s hyper-connected​​​‌ society. We perform both‌ fundamental research about control‌​‌ systems theory and network​​ science and applied research​​​‌ in relevant domains such‌ as mobility, transportation, social‌​‌ networks, and epidemics.

Both​​ researchers and general public​​​‌ have become aware that‌ our society and our‌​‌ lives depend on complex​​ dynamical systems that can​​​‌ be understood as networks‌. Examples are plentiful‌​‌ and we shall only​​ remind a few: transportation​​​‌ networks allow ourselves to‌ travel, commute, and transport‌​‌ goods; power networks provide​​ our homes and factories​​​‌ with energy; supply chains‌ are the backbone of‌​‌ manufacturing; social networks support​​ our professional and personal​​​‌ relationships; networks of neurons‌ constitute our brains; and‌​‌ ecological networks such as​​ foodwebs sustain our survival.​​​‌

In stark contrast with‌ this reality and its‌​‌ popular recognition, the mathematical​​ and conceptual tools available​​​‌ to scientists and engineers‌ to understand and manage‌​‌ these systems are lagging​​ behind. We believe that​​​‌ these complex network systems‌ are first and foremost‌​‌ dynamical systems and therefore​​ amenable to an Automatic​​​‌ Control approach, since Automatic‌ Control, as a field,‌​‌ is devoted to study​​ dynamics and the ways​​​‌ to monitor and to‌ regulate them. However, the‌​‌ century-old theory of Automatic​​ Control has been developed​​​‌ to study other kinds‌ of mechanical or electrical‌​‌ systems that lack a​​ network structure: inspecting a​​​‌ 1999 landmark book like‌ 45 shows that control‌​‌ theorists did not yet​​ consider networks to be​​​‌ a topic of study‌ as late as 20‌​‌ years ago. Despite substantial​​ efforts by the research​​​‌ community during the last‌ 15 years, the theory‌​‌ of systems and control​​ has not yet been​​​‌ able to integrate itself‌ with the big advances‌​‌ that have been made​​ in network science. The​​​‌ ambition of this team‌ is to contribute to‌​‌ closing this gap.

The​​ research of the DANCE​​​‌ team encompasses both methodological‌ work and applications in‌​‌ close interdependence since methodological​​ questions are motivated by​​​‌ selected application areas. The‌ dominant one is the‌​‌ broad area of mobility​​. By this term​​​‌ we encompass questions about‌ vehicular and multi-modal transportation,‌​‌ navigation methods for pedestrians​​ in urban and cluttered/noisy​​​‌ environments, and Connected Autonomous‌ Vehicles, namely their cooperative‌​‌ behavior and their effect​​ on the overall transportation​​​‌ system. The team maintains‌ and develops experimental platforms‌​‌ on mobility: after the​​ experiences of the Grenoble​​​‌ Traffic Lab 47,‌ 54, 53,‌​‌ the team is currently​​ pursuing the development of​​​‌ software aimed to facilitate‌ the integration of electro-mobility‌​‌ (emob-Twin). The​​ second application area concerns​​​‌ social systems, mainly‌ in relation with the‌​‌ dynamics that take place​​ in online social media:​​​‌ on this topic we‌ collaborate at the national‌​‌ and international levels with​​ researchers from engineering, computer​​​‌ science and social sciences.‌

From our application scenarios,‌​‌ it appears that the​​ networks that we are​​​‌ interested in share several‌ important features:

  • they are‌​‌ inherently dynamical and their​​ evolution can be influenced​​​‌ from the outside;
  • their‌ structure (that is, the‌​‌ topology of their interconnections)​​​‌ shapes their global behavior;​
  • their structure and their​‌ composition evolve together with​​ the evolution of their​​​‌ components;
  • they are large​ and therefore require tools​‌ that scale well with​​ size;
  • their dynamics, structure,​​​‌ and state are known​ with possibly large uncertainties​‌ (even though they may​​ generate big data streams).​​​‌

Our approach is a​ control systems approach,​‌ that begins by identifying​​ suitable state variables, input​​​‌ variables and output variables.​ To cope with the​‌ specific features of complex​​ network systems, we develop​​​‌ new system-theoretic tools for​ modeling, estimation, and control.​‌ Depending on the application​​ and on the modeling​​​‌ methodology, the mathematical models​ will be differential (or​‌ difference) equations on graphs​​ or continuous models such​​​‌ as partial differential equations.​ In the applications, estimation​‌ and control take advantage​​ of the structure of​​​‌ the systems and of​ their specific, physical, features.​‌

3 Research program

In​​ presenting our research, we​​​‌ shall distinguish four research​ Axes. The first​‌ two axes present our​​ theoretical work that develops​​​‌ a broad set of​ tools for modeling, identification​‌ and control of network​​ dynamics. Focusing on the​​​‌ nexus between networks and​ control systems implies that​‌ our methods will blend​​ ideas from network science​​​‌ and control science. The​ first axis regards methods​‌ that define network dynamics​​ by the graph that​​​‌ naturally describes their physical​ or informational structure; the​‌ second axis goes beyond​​ this graph-theoretic representation by​​​‌ using approximations or aggregations​ to deliver methods that​‌ are suitable to large​​ networks. The remaining Axes​​​‌ present methods that are​ tailored to our main​‌ applications in transportation and​​ in social networks.

Research​​​‌ Axis 1: Exact Automatic​ Control methods for networks​‌

Most methods from Automatic​​ Control do not apply​​​‌ well to networks, simply​ because they were designed​‌ for systems that do​​ not have a network​​​‌ structure. Once the presence​ of network structure is​‌ recognized, it has to​​ be accounted for in​​​‌ analysis and design. Firstly,​ a network structure implies​‌ obstructions to the flow​​ of information between different​​​‌ parts of the system.​ A key instrument to​‌ take them into account​​ is the deployment of​​​‌ graph-theoretical methods, as we​ will exemplify below. Secondly​‌ but not less importantly,​​ a network structure implies​​​‌ the opportunity (or sometimes​ the need) to scale​‌ the network up in​​ size, growing larger and​​​‌ larger networks by the​ addition of nodes and​‌ edges. Sometimes, classical control​​ methods scale poorly in​​​‌ terms of complexity or​ performance, and therefore need​‌ overhaul. This research axis​​ therefore pertains to the​​​‌ development of system-theoretic methods​ that are based on​‌ graph theoretical representations of​​ the system and whose​​​‌ complexity and performance scale​ well with the size​‌ of the network, so​​ that networks with tens​​​‌ or hundreds of nodes​ can be studied.

Research​‌ Axis 2: Approximate methods​​ for large-scale networks

Axis​​​‌ 1 was devoted to​ the control-theoretic analysis of​‌ networks by Graph Theory​​ tools. These methods are​​​‌ suitable for systems with​ a relatively small number​‌ of nodes (tens or​​ hundreds), like formations of​​ moving robots or sensor​​​‌ networks, but become ineffective‌ for larger networks. Complete‌​‌ knowledge of the network​​ is typically not available,​​​‌ because of the presence‌ of noise, errors in‌​‌ data, links changing in​​ time. Additionally, even if​​​‌ in some cases it‌ is possible to obtain‌​‌ a good approximation of​​ the network structure, the​​​‌ applicability of estimation and‌ control methods is reduced‌​‌ by the limitation of​​ computational resources. In order​​​‌ to address these limitations,‌ this research axis (Axis‌​‌ 2) develops system-theoretic methods​​ that abstract from the​​​‌ detailed network state, by‌ performing operations of aggregation‌​‌ or approximation. These tools​​ are meant to be​​​‌ applied to networks with‌ thousands of nodes.

The‌​‌ remaining two axes develop​​ methods that are directly​​​‌ motivated by the applications:‌ we therefore describe them‌​‌ in the next section.​​

4 Application domains

Research​​​‌ Axis 3: Smart Transportation‌ Systems

Smart transportation is‌​‌ the main domain of​​ application for the team.​​​‌ The research topics include‌ cooperative control of Connected‌​‌ and Autonomous Vehicles, pedestrian​​ navigation, vehicular traffic in​​​‌ urban road networks, and‌ multi-modal transportation. The experimental‌​‌ platforms Grenoble Traffic Lab​​ (GTL) and GTL-Ville continuously​​​‌ collect real-time data about‌ traffic in Grenoble. Other‌​‌ data collection campaigns, such​​ as TMD-CAPTIMOVE, have produced​​​‌ datasets about multi-modal transportation.‌

Transportation research is currently‌​‌ at a crucial stage:​​ we are facing the​​​‌ emergence of new technologies‌ and systems such as‌​‌ vehicle connectivity, automation, shared-mobility,​​ multimodal navigation and advanced​​​‌ sensing which are rapidly‌ changing mobility and accessibility.‌​‌ This in turn will​​ fundamentally transform how transportation​​​‌ planning and operations should‌ be conducted to enable‌​‌ smart and connected communities.​​ On one hand, this​​​‌ process presents us with‌ a great opportunity to‌​‌ build safer, more efficient,​​ reliable, accessible, and sustainable​​​‌ transportation systems. On the‌ other hand, the uncertainties‌​‌ regarding how such disruptive​​ technologies will evolve pose​​​‌ a number of fundamental‌ challenges. These challenges include:‌​‌ (a) understanding the impacts​​ of connected and automated​​​‌ vehicles on the traffic‌ flow; (b) shifts in‌​‌ travel demand induced by​​ new paradigms in mobility,​​​‌ such as shared mobility;‌ (c) the computational challenges‌​‌ of real-time control strategies​​ for large-scale networks, enabled​​​‌ by emergent technologies; (d)‌ transitioning to predictive and‌​‌ proactive traffic management and​​ control, thus substantially expanding​​​‌ the horizons of transportation‌ network management; (e) the‌​‌ need for identifying different​​ modes of transport used​​​‌ by a certain population.‌ The need to effectively‌​‌ address these challenges provides​​ the opportunity for fundamental​​​‌ advances in transportation and‌ navigation and will be‌​‌ the object of this​​ research axis.

Research Axis​​​‌ 4: Cyber-Social Systems

Online‌ social networks, such as‌​‌ online blogging platforms and​​ social media, are chief​​​‌ examples of complex systems‌ where social and technological‌​‌ components interact. We can​​ refer to such systems​​​‌ as Cyber-social networks:‌ social components are human‌​‌ individuals whose collective behavior​​ produces the overall behavior​​​‌ of the system, whereas‌ technological (or cyber) components‌​‌ are devices or platforms​​ endowed with sensing, computation,​​​‌ and communication capabilities. In‌ these contexts, the interactions‌​‌ between the individuals are​​​‌ mediated and determined by​ the ubiquitous presence of​‌ digital technology. Online social​​ services routinely record behaviors​​​‌ and interactions and exploit​ this information to constantly​‌ optimize themselves for the​​ users, by the ubiquitous​​​‌ presence of recommendation systems.​ These large data streams​‌ can also enhance our​​ understanding of social dynamics.​​​‌ Beyond the analysis power,​ these tools offer new​‌ opportunities to influence the​​ behaviors of the individuals.​​​‌ This influence can be​ obtained in various ways,​‌ including advertising, diffusing sensitive​​ information, or altering the​​​‌ way individuals interact. These​ evidences open the way​‌ to identify ways to​​ “actuate” (in engineering jargon)​​​‌ social systems. Understanding these​ dynamics in a control​‌ systems perspective is thus​​ not only a scientific​​​‌ challenge, but also an​ urgent need for the​‌ society.

5 Social and​​ environmental responsibility

Several of​​​‌ our research activities have​ a direct societal impact.​‌ Our research on mobility​​ has the objective of​​​‌ facilitating the ecological transition,​ through the electrification of​‌ transportation and the wise​​ choice of the means​​​‌ of transportation, including soft​ mobility such as biking.​‌ Our research on social​​ media has potential implications​​​‌ for understanding the formation​ of public opinion and​‌ managing online social media​​ platforms, including the prevention​​​‌ of fake news diffusion​ and manipulation.

6 Highlights​‌ of the year

  • Gustav​​ Nilsson joined the team​​​‌ as a permanent researcher​ (CRCN) at October 1st​‌ 2025.

6.1 Awards

IEEE​​ CSS Italy Chapter Best​​​‌ Thesis Award 2025 for​ the best master thesis​‌ in Automatic Control in​​ Italy by Gaya Cocca,​​​‌ co-advised by Paolo Frasca​ .

7 Latest software​‌ developments, platforms, open data​​

As a team we​​​‌ are engaged in the​ open diffusion of various​‌ products of our research,​​ including data, code, and​​​‌ publications, for several reasons:​ (i) complying with obligations​‌ towards our financial sponsors​​ and our employers; (ii)​​​‌ making our research reproducible​ by peers; and (iii)​‌ enhancing our impact on​​ the scientific debate and​​​‌ on society.

Regarding publications,​ all of them are​‌ publicly available on the​​ HAL national platform. Regarding​​​‌ data that we collect​ during our research, data​‌ is treated according to​​ each project data plans,​​​‌ when required. In several​ occasions, we make our​‌ data publicly available in​​ full or in part​​​‌ (with due care to​ GDPR regulations if applicable).​‌ This year, there was​​ no new collection or​​​‌ release of data.

The​ digital twin software eMob-Twin,​‌ described below, was presented​​ in the paper 46​​​‌.

7.1 Latest software​ developments

7.1.1 eMob-Twin V2​‌

  • Keywords:
    Electric vehicle, Road​​ traffic, Digital twin
  • Functional​​​‌ Description:
    eMob-Twin is a​ digital twin that combines​‌ electric vehicle (EV) mobility​​ and energy models to​​​‌ predict mobility, energy demand,​ and EV flexibility. eMob-Twin​‌ analyzes multiple infrastructure scenarios​​ to optimize the placement​​​‌ of charging stations. Covering​ a large part of​‌ French cities, it includes​​ tools for developing SDIRVE​​​‌ (strategic charging infrastructure plans)​ and automatically adjusts the​‌ model based on government​​ files. With IRIS-level granularity,​​​‌ it aligns data with​ SDIRVE, ensuring better consistency​‌ and adaptation to local​​ needs.
  • URL:
  • Contact:​​
    Carlos Canudas-De-Wit

8 New​​​‌ results

8.1 Research Axis‌ 1: Exact Automatic Control‌​‌ Methods for Networks

Participants:​​ Tarek Bazizi, Giacomo​​​‌ Casadei, Paolo Frasca‌, Hassen Fourati,‌​‌ Alain Kibangou, Ghadeer​​ Shaaban.

8.1.1 Leader-following​​​‌ consensus

Consensus of multi-agent‌ systems serves as a‌​‌ building block for several​​ complex problems over networks,​​​‌ e.g., graph signal processing,‌ formation control, distributed optimization‌​‌ to mention a few.​​ Leader-following consensus can be​​​‌ regarded as a multi-agent‌ system version of model‌​‌ reference tracking, to control​​ multiple agents (followers) towards​​​‌ a desired reference goal‌ (leader). The problem is‌​‌ particularly interesting when not​​ all followers have direct​​​‌ access to the leader's‌ signals, in which case‌​‌ the tracking should be​​ achieved in a distributed​​​‌ fashion by sharing information‌ with neighbors. Complex networks,‌​‌ neuroscience, and other applications​​ have shown examples of​​​‌ multi-agent adaptive systems that‌ must follow (over possibly‌​‌ short times) reference dynamics​​ that are neither Hurwitz​​​‌ nor neutrally stable. However,‌ such leader-following behavior would‌​‌ be impossible with existing​​ adaptive consensus methods, e.g.,​​​‌ based on model reference‌ adaptive control (MRAC), since‌​‌ the stability of the​​ reference dynamics is required.​​​‌ To fill this gap,‌ we propose in 26‌​‌ a novel model reference​​ adaptive stabilizing control (MRASC)​​​‌ framework for leaderfollowing consensus‌ of multi-agent systems with‌​‌ unknown and heterogeneous dynamics.​​ Differently from several approaches​​​‌ in the leader-following consensus‌ literature, the proposed framework‌​‌ is free of any​​ extra distributed observer layer​​​‌ for the leader's signal,‌ as the reconstruction of‌​‌ such signals is intrinsic​​ in the adaptive laws.​​​‌ Besides, the framework does‌ not require Hurwitz or‌​‌ neutral stability of the​​ leader and generalizes existing​​​‌ acyclic requirements on the‌ communication graph among the‌​‌ followers. Starting from any​​ weakly connected communication digraph,​​​‌ the proposed method allows‌ to derive a lower‌​‌ bound, useful from the​​ network design point of​​​‌ view, for the minimum‌ number of followers that‌​‌ should be pinned by​​ the leader.

8.1.2 Synchronization​​​‌ of networks of systems‌

The problem of synchronization‌​‌ and consensus is still​​ a rich and interesting​​​‌ topic, especially when dynamics‌ of the agents in‌​‌ the networks are nonlinear​​ or when the systems​​​‌ are subject to uncertainties.,‌ disturbances or attacks. Several‌​‌ domains of applications such​​ as power networks want​​​‌ to exploit nonlinearities to‌ achieve better performances but‌​‌ face increased difficulties in​​ designing control laws that​​​‌ enforce synchronization between agents.‌

In global interaction models,‌​‌ like the mean-field model,​​ all oscillators influence each​​​‌ other's time evolution. However,‌ this globally connected interaction‌​‌ structure does not reflect​​ how coupling occurs in​​​‌ practice. For instance, in‌ microgrids operating under droop‌​‌ control, frequency adjustments are​​ obtained through the computation​​​‌ of phase shifts based‌ on local reference frames,‌​‌ for which measurements could​​ be more accurate and​​​‌ practically available. This motivates‌ the use of limited‌​‌ range interaction models, where​​ an oscillator interacts only​​​‌ with a particular subset‌ of oscillators based on‌​‌ some predefined criteria. In​​ our work 25 we​​​‌ analyze coupled oscillators that‌ interact if their geodesic‌​‌ distances are within a​​​‌ prescribed bound. Steady state​ behaviors of this system​‌ depend on the natural​​ frequencies of the oscillators​​​‌ and on the underlying​ graph structure. A necessary​‌ and sufficient condition is​​ provided for the graph​​​‌ to remain complete. If​ the graph is connected​‌ over time, it is​​ proved that phase ordering​​​‌ is preserved among the​ oscillators according to their​‌ natural frequencies. The asymptotic​​ convergence to frequency synchronization​​​‌ is proved if the​ graph is assumed to​‌ stay connected and all​​ natural frequencies are the​​​‌ same. A comprehensive analysis​ of the three-oscillator case​‌ shows that phase ordering​​ is not necessary for​​​‌ frequency synchronization, and that​ graph connectivity, together with​‌ an appropriate bound on​​ the range of natural​​​‌ frequencies, ensures frequency synchronization.​

Due to the cyber-physical​‌ structure of the applications,​​ the systems can be​​​‌ exploited by various attacks.​ Motivated by this, our​‌ recent work 9 introduces​​ a masking protocol to​​​‌ enhance the security of​ a consensus protocol for​‌ nonlinear multiagent systems. The​​ main idea is that​​​‌ by adding a masking​ signal to each agent's​‌ output and applying a​​ de-masking filter at the​​​‌ receiving agent, eavesdropping attacks​ can be avoided while​‌ sufficent conditions that the​​ proposed security protocol preserves​​​‌ output consensus can be​ still provided.

Moreover, the​‌ models of the agents​​ in a synchronization network​​​‌ can be subject to​ uncertainties. In our work​‌ 35 we revisit the​​ adaptive stabilization of linear​​​‌ uncertain systems concept and​ extend the analysis to​‌ multi-agent network frameworks. Firstly,​​ by adopting a more​​​‌ general stabilizing direction and​ introducing a sigma modification​‌ based control design, a​​ robust adaptation law is​​​‌ demonstrated to effectively handle​ uncertainties in the model.​‌ To enable a more​​ flexible adaptation law design,​​​‌ the cancellation constraint associated​ with a key matrix​‌ therein is relaxed. Additionally,​​ a novel Lyapunov function​​​‌ is constructed to establish​ sufficient conditions for stability,​‌ which are crucial for​​ ensuring robust synchronization in​​​‌ multi-agent systems. Finally, a​ simulation example is provided​‌ to validate the proposed​​ approach, highlighting its novelty​​​‌ and practical effectiveness.

8.1.3​ Distributed optimization in networked​‌ systems

The need for​​ distributed optimization emerges in​​​‌ many multi-agent systems, such​ as sensor networks and​‌ power systems. In our​​ new work 27,​​​‌ we revisit a classical​ distributed gradient-descent algorithm, introducing​‌ an interesting class of​​ perturbed multi-agent systems. The​​​‌ state of each subsystem​ represents a local estimate​‌ of a solution to​​ the global optimization problem.​​​‌ Thereby, the network is​ required to minimize local​‌ cost functions, while gathering​​ the local estimates around​​​‌ a common value. Such​ a complex task suggests​‌ the interplay of consensus-based​​ dynamics with gradient-descent dynamics.​​​‌ The latter descent dynamics​ involves the projection operator,​‌ which is assumed to​​ provide corrupted projections of​​​‌ a specific form, reminiscent​ of existing (fast) projection​‌ algorithms. Hence, for the​​ resulting class of perturbed​​​‌ networks, we are able​ to adaptively tune some​‌ gains in a fully​​ distributed fashion, to approach​​​‌ the optimal consensus set​ up to arbitrary-desired precision.​‌

8.1.4 Magneto-inertial navigation in​​ the presence of unknown​​ inputs

Across many navigation​​​‌ and control applications, estimating‌ the position, velocity, and‌​‌ attitude of a rigid​​ body is challenging when​​​‌ sensor measurements are corrupted‌ by unknown inputs, such‌​‌ as external accelerations or​​ unmodeled angular velocities. Traditional​​​‌ MARG-based algorithms (using magnetometers,‌ accelerometers, and gyroscopes) often‌​‌ fail when these unknown​​ inputs violate common assumptions—for​​​‌ example, when accelerometers measure‌ not only gravity but‌​‌ also external accelerations, or​​ when gyroscope readings are​​​‌ unreliable due to bias‌ or power constraints. The‌​‌ works 22, 24​​ collectively address these challenges​​​‌ by developing state estimation‌ algorithms on the special‌​‌ orthogonal group SO(3) and,​​ in one case, the​​​‌ full position-velocity-attitude space, while‌ explicitly modeling unknown inputs‌​‌ in both the system​​ dynamics and measurement equations.​​​‌ These algorithms explore different‌ unknown-input scenarios: external accelerations‌​‌ with and without direct​​ feedthrough into measurements, as​​​‌ well as treating gyroscope‌ angular velocity as an‌​‌ unknown input. They also​​ provide theoretical guarantees such​​​‌ as local optimality and‌ local stability, and propose‌​‌ practical estimation methods including​​ a robust two-stage Kalman​​​‌ filter. Validation through Monte‌ Carlo simulations and, in‌​‌ some cases, real datasets,​​ consistently demonstrates that these​​​‌ approaches outperform existing attitude‌ estimation techniques (such as‌​‌ TRIAD, IEKF, or accelerometer-magnetometer-only​​ methods), especially in scenarios​​​‌ where disturbances or unknown‌ inputs play a significant‌​‌ role.

8.1.5 Cyber-physical security​​ in navigation and active​​​‌ defense strategies

Recent developments‌ in cyber-physical system (CPS)‌​‌ security for navigation and​​ control applications highlight the​​​‌ necessity of integrating robust‌ state estimation, resilient control‌​‌ design, and active defense​​ mechanisms to maintain system​​​‌ integrity under cyber threats.‌ In attitude estimation using‌​‌ MARG sensors, a secure​​ estimation framework formulated on​​​‌ the special orthogonal group‌ SO(3) has been proposed‌​‌ to mitigate the impact​​ of false data injection​​​‌ (FDI) attacks on sensor‌ measurements. This approach leverages‌​‌ an invariant extended Kalman​​ filter (IEKF) with an​​​‌ optimized Kalman gain matrix‌ designed to minimize the‌​‌ upper bound of the​​ state estimation error covariance,​​​‌ ensuring accurate attitude reconstruction‌ even in adversarial environments.‌​‌ Within vehicular control systems,​​ analyzes of zero-dynamics attacks​​​‌ have demonstrated that malicious‌ inputs exploiting the system's‌​‌ internal model and unobservable​​ subspaces can manipulate yaw​​​‌ rate and lateral acceleration‌ without altering measurable outputs‌​‌ 23. Such stealthy​​ perturbations emphasize the importance​​​‌ of observer-based detection schemes,‌ redundant sensing architectures, and‌​‌ secure feedback design to​​ preserve dynamic stability. Beyond​​​‌ passive protection, active defense‌ strategies such as the‌​‌ Misleading Unauthorized Observer (MUO)​​ technique introduce deceptive input-output​​​‌ signal modulation to disrupt‌ unauthorized state estimation 21‌​‌. By solving an​​ optimization problem with undetectability​​​‌ constraints, the defender injects‌ auxiliary control signals that‌​‌ increase the estimation error​​ of eavesdropping observers while​​​‌ maintaining nominal system performance.‌ Collectively, these advancements merge‌​‌ robust filtering, secure control​​ theory, and adaptive deception​​​‌ techniques into a cohesive‌ framework that enhances the‌​‌ resilience of modern navigation​​ and vehicular CPS against​​​‌ sophisticated cyber-physical attacks.

8.2‌ Research Axis 2: Approximate‌​‌ methods for large-scale networks​​

Participants: Giacomo Casadei,​​​‌ Carlos Canudas-de-Wit, Paolo‌ Frasca, Sebastien Fueyo‌​‌, Federica Garin,​​​‌ Raoul Prisant.

When​ considering very large networks,​‌ it can be useful​​ to consider continuous limits.​​​‌ These limits can take​ different forms. One way​‌ to define continuous limits​​ is to regard, instead​​​‌ of the agent states,​ their distribution. The​‌ evolution of the distribution​​ would then be naturally​​​‌ described by a partial​ differential (PDE) or integro-differential​‌ equation. A good approximation​​ implies that control actions​​​‌ can be designed on​ the continuous system and​‌ have guaranteed performance on​​ the original (graph-based) one.​​​‌

In this research, we​ have developed two distinct​‌ approaches, the “continuation method”​​ and methods based on​​​‌ the notion of graphon.​

8.2.1 The continuation method​‌

With this novel method,​​ introducted in the thesis​​​‌ work of D. Nikitin​ and a series of​‌ papers, we have developed​​ a sound and complete​​​‌ theoretical framework for the​ PDE approximation of large​‌ networked ODE systems, and​​ we have applied this​​​‌ framework to multiple applications​ including swarms of autonomous​‌ robots, traffic networks, and​​ spin-torque oscillators.

Recent work​​​‌ has focused on the​ development of continuation-based, control-oriented​‌ PDE models for traffic​​ flows on circular roads.​​​‌ Recent contributions include the​ rigorous derivation of macroscopic​‌ models from second-order microscopic​​ dynamics using the continuation​​​‌ method 14, following​ the framework of 52​‌. This approach enables​​ classical driver models (OV-FTL,​​​‌ IDM) to be linked​ to PDE representations for​‌ control design. A macroscopic​​ control strategy has also​​​‌ been developed and projected​ onto implementable acceleration laws​‌ for autonomous vehicles, and​​ the method has been​​​‌ extended to non-stationary target​ profiles of density and​‌ velocity 28, 40​​, allowing traffic to​​​‌ be steered toward spatio-temporal​ configurations under heterogeneous communication​‌ structures. Current research aims​​ to analyze the influence​​​‌ of a single autonomous​ vehicle on the collective​‌ traffic dynamics and its​​ potential stabilizing effect 41​​​‌.

8.2.2 Graphons

Another​ promising way to define​‌ continuous limits is by​​ the concept of graph​​​‌ function, or graphon,​ which is the limit​‌ object of a sequence​​ of dense networks 51​​​‌. Conversely, finite graphs​ can be generated by​‌ sampling from the continuous​​ graphon: in this case,​​​‌ the properties of the​ finite networks can be​‌ inferred from the properties​​ of the graphon.

In​​​‌ our work 42 we​ study the connectedness of​‌ graphons. We show that​​ connectedness is related to​​​‌ some spectral property of​ the graphon-Laplacian operator, which​‌ is important for convergence​​ of consensus and other​​​‌ diffusion-based dynamics on large-scale​ networks. Some equivalent characterizations​‌ of connectedness are provided,​​ and some subtleties in​​​‌ their definition are discussed​ through examples.

Apart from​‌ analyzing general properties of​​ graphons, we have also​​​‌ exploited how graphons can​ be utilized in opionion​‌ dynamics modeling. In our​​ work 20, we​​​‌ make use of graphon​ theory to study opinion​‌ dynamics on large undirected​​ networks. The opinion dynamics​​​‌ models that we take​ into consideration allow for​‌ negative interactions between the​​ individuals, whose opinions can​​​‌ thus grow apart. We​ consider both the repelling​‌ and the opposing models​​ of negative interactions, which​​ have been studied in​​​‌ the literature. We define‌ the repelling and the‌​‌ opposing dynamics on signed​​ graphons and we show​​​‌ that their initial value‌ problem solutions exist and‌​‌ are unique. We then​​ show that, in a​​​‌ suitable sense, the graphon‌ dynamics is a good‌​‌ approximation of the dynamics​​ on large graphs that​​​‌ converge to a graphon.‌ This result applies to‌​‌ large random graphs that​​ are sampled according to​​​‌ a graphon (W-random graphs),‌ for which we provide‌​‌ a new convergence result​​ under very general assumptions;​​​‌ in particular, the graphs'‌ average degrees only need‌​‌ to grow faster than​​ log n.

In our​​​‌ recent work 34,‌ we then extend the‌​‌ analysis to the asymptotic​​ behavior of the dynamics,​​​‌ through the study of‌ the properties of the‌​‌ opposing Laplacian operator. Our​​ results are consistent with​​​‌ known facts about the‌ classical Altafini model on‌​‌ signed graphs: on a​​ connected signed graphon with​​​‌ degree essentially bounded away‌ from zero, the dynamics‌​‌ converges to a bipartite​​ consensus if the signed​​​‌ graphon is structurally balanced,‌ and converges to zero‌​‌ if it is not.​​

8.3 Research Axis 3:​​​‌ Mobility systems and transportation‌ networks

Participants: Carlos Canudas-de-Wit‌​‌, Alain Kibangou,​​ Paolo Frasca, Manuel​​​‌ Campero Jurado, Federica‌ Garin, Guillaume Gasnier‌​‌, Gustav Nilsson,​​ Eduardo Steve Rodriguez Canales​​​‌, Hassen Fourati,‌ Omar Meebed.

8.3.1‌​‌ Electromobility

With the growing​​ number of electric vehicles​​​‌ (EVs) in our car‌ fleet in the coming‌​‌ years, combined with an​​ increase in electricity production​​​‌ from renewable energy sources,‌ stabilizing the frequency on‌​‌ the electrical grid will​​ become increasingly challenging. EV​​​‌ charging will represent a‌ significant source of electricity‌​‌ consumption. Therefore, having a​​ transportation model for electric​​​‌ vehicles is crucial to‌ understanding the evolution of‌​‌ their state of charge​​ across the road network.​​​‌ This, in turn, enables‌ accurate predictions of demand‌​‌ at charging stations 48​​.

In our recent​​​‌ work 29, we‌ undertake a game theoretic‌​‌ approch to develop optimal​​ pricing method for multiple​​​‌ charging stations. By casting‌ the problem into a‌​‌ congestion game framework, we​​ compute the equilibrium flows​​​‌ for each pricing strategy‌ and select the prices‌​‌ that maximize the operator's​​ revenue. The demand at​​​‌ each station is influenced‌ by travel times and‌​‌ incentives to charge. Vehicle​​ types and behaviors (thermal​​​‌ vs. electric, must/may/not charge)‌ are considered. This results‌​‌ in a bi-level optimization​​ problem, which is solved​​​‌ using a Branch-and-Bound approach‌ enhanced with pruning techniques‌​‌ for improved efficiency. Our​​ experiment integrates three levels​​​‌ of optimization: maximizing revenue‌ by optimizing the placement‌​‌ of stations when maximizing​​ their pricing strategies, while​​​‌ minimizing the demand derived‌ from the congestion game‌​‌ model. We examine the​​ total travel time and​​​‌ maximizing revenue does not‌ increase congestion.

8.3.2 Multimodal‌​‌ mobility: Transportation mode classification​​

Due to increasing traffic​​​‌ congestion, travel modeling has‌ gained importance in the‌​‌ development of transportion mode​​ detection (TMD) strategies over​​​‌ the past decade. Nowadays,‌ recent smartphones, equipped with‌​‌ integrated inertial measurement units​​​‌ (IMUs) and embedded algorithms,​ can play a crucial​‌ role in such development.​​ In our work 15​​​‌, we outline the​ development of an Android​‌ application, designed for two​​ complementary purposes: 1) to​​​‌ collect data from smartphone​ sensors (accelerometer, gyroscope, magnetometer,​‌ and Global Positioning System​​ (GPS)) and 2) to​​​‌ predict four green transportation​ modes (walk, bike, public​‌ transport and kick scooter)​​ based on accelerometer and​​​‌ gyroscope data only. GPS​ data are omitted in​‌ this work, to address​​ privacy concerns and energy​​​‌ consumption. Unlike existing works​ that focused solely on​‌ modeling and classification in​​ TMD, the main contribution​​​‌ of the work goes​ beyond and provides moreover​‌ a detailed overview of​​ the implementation of the​​​‌ mobile application, as well​ as the challenges encountered​‌ during data acquisition and​​ practical solutions we applied​​​‌ and the entire automatic​ cycle from data acquisition​‌ to classification, prediction and​​ display of results on​​​‌ the application. Developing this​ application and its automated​‌ pipeline with a reliable​​ client-server communication presented many​​​‌ technical challenges, requiring reliable​ data transfer and robust​‌ design to ensure good​​ performances. The results obtained​​​‌ show good predictions, providing​ the user with an​‌ efficient tool to evaluate​​ their sustainable mobility habits.​​​‌ Encouraging such modes contributes​ to ease traffic congestion,​‌ and more sustainable urban​​ lifestyles.

8.3.3 Multimodal mobility:​​​‌ Safety analysis of informal​ minibus driving

Traffic accidents​‌ pose a significant public​​ health challenge, especially in​​​‌ developing countries where many​ people rely on informal​‌ transport, such as minibus​​ taxis. In South Africa,​​​‌ this mode of transport​ is more regularly involved​‌ in road traffic accidents​​ compared to other modes.​​​‌ However, very few studies​ have focused on analyzing​‌ driving in this transportation​​ mode from the perception​​​‌ of the commuter. In​ our new work 11​‌, the analysis is​​ carried out using qualitative​​​‌ (questionnaires) and quantitative (speed​ and acceleration) data with​‌ the aim of finding​​ factors that characterize public​​​‌ transportation drivers, specifically understanding​ how minibus taxi drivers​‌ differ from other drivers​​ and how the regulatory​​​‌ environment influences their on-road​ behavior. The personality and​‌ skills of the drivers​​ are shown to be​​​‌ the two main factors​ to analyze. It is​‌ shown that minibus taxi​​ drivers perform lower than​​​‌ ride-hailing drivers. In addition,​ their driving is more​‌ aggressive in a controlled​​ environment, while it is​​​‌ more reckless in an​ uncontrolled environment. Cultural, training,​‌ and technology-oriented actions are​​ suggested to improve the​​​‌ on-road driving of the​ minibus taxi in the​‌ chosen study area.

8.3.4​​ Multimodal mobility: Modeling of​​​‌ user satisfaction in public​ transport

The issue of​‌ mobility from disadvantaged areas​​ to places of interest​​​‌ for work, health care,​ education, or entertainment poses​‌ specific challenges that cannot​​ be approached under the​​​‌ same prism as that​ of well-resourced areas. In​‌ such areas, commuters are​​ often captive of available​​​‌ transportation modes. However, very​ few studies have focused​‌ on identifying the key​​ factors that influence the​​​‌ satisfaction of these commuters.​ In our work 10​‌, we introduce an​​ agent based modeling and​​ simulation approach, to identify​​​‌ and classify these factors.‌ We show, for the‌​‌ case study of a​​ township in South Africa,​​​‌ that speed and quality‌ of the infrastructure are‌​‌ crucial factors, while waiting​​ time and accessibility are​​​‌ to be improved; safety‌ and travel time being‌​‌ to be watched. Then​​ recommendations are provided to​​​‌ improve the service according‌ to these factors.

8.3.5‌​‌ Space allocation strategies for​​ bike lanes

In recent​​​‌ research, we developed a‌ graph-based framework aimed at‌​‌ improving cycling networks, with​​ a focus on optimizing​​​‌ safety and comfort. As‌ an initial approch, in‌​‌ 43, we assign​​ weights to a six-category​​​‌ system for bike lanes‌ based on their segregation‌​‌ from motorized vehicles using​​ the well-developed CycleRAP tool.​​​‌ Each bike lane is‌ weighted based on its‌​‌ category and topological features.​​ Graph theory metrics are​​​‌ then applied to analyze‌ the core topological characteristics‌​‌ of cycling networks across​​ various French municipalities. These​​​‌ metrics form the basis‌ for estimating and predicting‌​‌ cyclists' perceived safety and​​ comfort levels, as reported​​​‌ in local surveys. Building‌ on this relationship, we‌​‌ formulate a topology optimization​​ problem aimed at maximizing​​​‌ predicted safety and comfort‌ within budgetary constraints. To‌​‌ tackle this complex problem,​​ we introduce a topological​​​‌ optimization algorithm and compare‌ its performance with existing‌​‌ algorithms to ensure reliability.​​ This approach integrates graph​​​‌ theory with real-world indicators,‌ providing a comprehensive quantitative‌​‌ framework to support decision-making​​ in urban planning and​​​‌ resource allocation. The framework‌ was then extended to‌​‌ incorporate actual cycling flows​​ in 32.

However,​​​‌ infrastructure upgrades on the‌ bike lanes usually cause‌​‌ more limited road space​​ for vehicles. Motivated by​​​‌ this, in our subsequent‌ work 31 we study‌​‌ the effect increased space​​ for bike lanes have​​​‌ on vehicular traffic. While,‌ this work only considers‌​‌ the impact with respect​​ to travel time, our​​​‌ later work 30 incorperates‌ fairness aspects.

8.3.6 Cycling‌​‌ adaptation

To address the​​ consequences of climate change,​​​‌ policies promoting green transportation,‌ particularly cycling and public‌​‌ transit, are gaining importance.​​ To address this need,​​​‌ we have in 36‌ developed a novel compartmental‌​‌ model to analyze the​​ dynamics of bicycle adoption.​​​‌ For the proposed model,‌ we prove the existence‌​‌ and global asymptotic stability​​ of a single equilibrium​​​‌ point using order-preserving monotonic‌ systems theory. Furthermore, we‌​‌ establish the system's identifiability,​​ ensuring unique parameter estimation​​​‌ from observed trajectories. To‌ illustrate the applicability of‌​‌ the results, a case​​ study of Stockholm, Sweden,​​​‌ showcases the model's ability‌ to accurately characterize cycling‌​‌ adoption dynamics, highlighting its​​ potential for informing sustainable​​​‌ transportation strategies.

8.3.7 Incentivizing‌ public transit for large‌​‌ events

Large crowds at​​ events disrupt city transportation​​​‌ networks, and incentivizing public‌ transit to mitigate these‌​‌ impacts remains challenging. To​​ address this problem, the​​​‌ team developed in 33‌ a method to design‌​‌ and assess public transit​​ incentives for large events.​​​‌ This was done by‌ first developing a traveller‌​‌ mobility model that describes​​ how information from routing​​​‌ apps data, public transit‌ fare and frequency guides‌​‌ the choice of travellers​​​‌ between two modes and​ updates the traffic state​‌ based on their mode​​ choice. Traveller's wait time,​​​‌ departure time, public transit​ capacity, road capacity, road​‌ congestion, and parking capacity​​ of private vehicles at​​​‌ destination are all considered​ when updating the number​‌ of users who completed​​ their trip. The influence​​​‌ of public transit fare​ and frequency on the​‌ population's overall travel time,​​ modal split and parking​​​‌ overcapacity was studied, along​ with the influence of​‌ the ratio of travellers​​ informed with routing apps.​​​‌ Finally, incentives are selected​ by including operational cost​‌ and user satisfaction in​​ an optimization approach.

8.3.8​​​‌ Urban mobility and epidemics​

Reducing human mobility is​‌ a very effective non-pharmaceutical​​ intervention to reduce epidemics​​​‌ spread, and lockdowns have​ been effectively used in​‌ various countries in 2020.​​ However, it is clear​​​‌ that mobility reductions have​ heavy economic and social​‌ effects.

In the paper​​ 19, we consider​​​‌ this city-wide mobility-epidemics model,​ and we provide techniques​‌ to compute optimal mobility​​ control policies, which tune​​​‌ the operating capacities of​ different destinations depending on​‌ their type. To obtain​​ this kind of policies,​​​‌ we solve an optimization​ problem that takes into​‌ account the current epidemic​​ status, and maximizes the​​​‌ socio-economic activity while keeping​ the total infections below​‌ a desired threshold. The​​ proposed solution techniques use​​​‌ an outer approximation method,​ thanks to the monotonic​‌ nature the problem, and​​ a receding horizon approach.​​​‌ We apply these techniques​ to the mobility network​‌ of Grenoble metropolitan area,​​ as it is showcased​​​‌ in the web interface​ GTL-Healthmob.

8.3.9 Multicommodity​‌ freeway network control

Freeway​​ Network Control (FNC), i.e.,​​​‌ controlling the traffic flow​ on freeways by variable​‌ speed limits and ramp-metering​​ has been shown to​​​‌ be a successful approch​ to reduce congestion. Straightforward​‌ formulations of both single-​​ and multi-commodity FNC problems​​​‌ based on the Cell​ Transmission Model are known​‌ to be non-convex, mainly​​ due to the congestion​​​‌ effects at diverge junctions.​ However, recent studies have​‌ shown that it is​​ possible to formulate a​​​‌ tight convex relaxation of​ the single-commodity FNC problem.​‌ In 44, we​​ extend these results to​​​‌ the multi-commodity FNC problem​ by considering concave commodity-specific​‌ demand functions and concave​​ aggregate supply functions, so​​​‌ that different variable speed​ limits can be applied​‌ to different commodities. Hence,​​ it is possible to​​​‌ efficiently compute the optimal​ control action to reduce​‌ congestion phenomena in the​​ network. We also present​​​‌ a case study of​ a segment of the​‌ freeway network in California,​​ using data from the​​​‌ PeMS database, to​ demonstrate the effectiveness of​‌ the proposed solution. Finally,​​ we draw a comparison​​​‌ with a setting where​ the multi-commodity flows are​‌ modeled and controlled as​​ a single-commodity flow, to​​​‌ emphasize the relevance of​ acting separately on different​‌ classes of vehicles.

8.4​​ Research Axis 4: Social​​​‌ dynamics and Cyber-social networks​

Participants: Paolo Frasca,​‌ Alain Kibangou, Raul​​ Prisant.

8.4.1 Effect​​​‌ of state discretization in​ opinion dynamics

One of​‌ the most basic principles​​ in opinion dynamics is​​ that opinions of individuals​​​‌ who communicate approach each‌ other 49. In‌​‌ our work 12,​​ we assume that communication​​​‌ of one's opinion is‌ not precise. The reason‌​‌ for such imprecision may​​ be poor language, or​​​‌ the fact that opinion‌ is not expressed verbally,‌​‌ but through a behavior​​ or a choice among​​​‌ a finite number of‌ options or actions, namely‌​‌ the quantized states. The​​ starting point of this​​​‌ work is a well-known‌ class of linear systems‌​‌ on a graph that​​ asymptotically converge to a​​​‌ consensus state. We consider‌ a variation of this‌​‌ dynamics, by modifying some​​ of the states through​​​‌ the nearest integer function:‌ this change sets the‌​‌ dynamics apart from the​​ consensus dynamics. We focus​​​‌ our study on the‌ case in which the‌​‌ underlying graph is a​​ line, which is particularly​​​‌ significant as it exhibits‌ asymptotic behaviors that are‌​‌ far from consensus. In​​ this case, we compute​​​‌ the equilibria of the‌ system and prove convergence‌​‌ of solutions.

8.4.2 Popularity​​ dynamics in social media​​​‌

Social media play a‌ prominent role in contemporary‌​‌ societies. Therefore, it is​​ important to understand how​​​‌ the popularity of contents,‌ topics, and influencers evolves‌​‌ therein. Popularity dynamics in​​ social media depend on​​​‌ a complex interplay of‌ social influence between users‌​‌ and popularity-based recommendations that​​ are provided by the​​​‌ platforms. In our work‌ 13, we introduce‌​‌ a discrete-time dynamical system​​ to model the evolution​​​‌ of popularity on social‌ media. Our model generalizes‌​‌ the well-known Friedkin-Johnsen model​​ to a set of​​​‌ influencers vying for popularity.‌ We study the asymptotic‌​‌ behavior of this model​​ and illustrate it with​​​‌ numerical examples. Our results‌ highlight the interplay of‌​‌ social influence, past popularity,​​ and content quality in​​​‌ determining the popularity of‌ influencers.

8.4.3 Dissatisfaction dynamics‌​‌ in user communities

This​​ research investigates the critical​​​‌ issue of user dissatisfaction‌ within essential service sectors,‌​‌ such as water, energy,​​ and transportation. Recognizing that​​​‌ many consumers are “captive”‌ within these markets due‌​‌ to limited service options​​ can lead to user​​​‌ dissatisfaction and complex social‌ dynamics. Building on a‌​‌ recent dynamic model 50​​, similar to the​​​‌ SIS-dynamics for epidemics, we‌ in 17 extend the‌​‌ analysis of captive user​​ dissatisfaction to networks of​​​‌ interconnected communities, using a‌ directed bipartite leader-follower structure.‌​‌ We investigate the steady-state​​ properties of the model​​​‌ and analyze how leader‌ communities can mitigate or‌​‌ amplify dissatisfaction among their​​ followers. A key insight​​​‌ is that consensus in‌ dissatisfaction levels does not‌​‌ stem from network topology​​ but from the alignment​​​‌ of a Dissatisfaction Index,‌ a new metric introduced‌​‌ in this work that​​ reflects each community's perception​​​‌ of service quality

9‌ Bilateral contracts and grants‌​‌ with industry

Participants: Carlos​​ Canudas-de-Wit, Hassen Fourati​​​‌, Alain Kibangou,‌ Yann Cauchepin.

  • OpNet‌​‌

    IFPEN-INRIA, “Optimal urban mobility​​ network design for sustainable​​​‌ space sharing between vehicles‌ and soft transport modes”‌​‌ (2022-2025)

    Participants: Carlos Canudas-de-Wit​​

    Abstract: This project aims​​​‌ to find the optimal‌ topological structure of a‌​‌ road network that can​​​‌ be modeled in several​ layers, each representing a​‌ mode of transport. The​​ primary objective of this​​​‌ network is to optimize​ the mobility of people​‌ in urban areas in​​ terms of environmental impacts​​​‌ and exposure to pollutant​ concentrations. In practice, the​‌ optimization variables considered are​​ the location and size​​​‌ (or capacity) of new​ roads, the change in​‌ traffic direction, new public​​ transport lines, the location​​​‌ of new cycle paths,​ the sizing low emission​‌ zones (or arcs of​​ the road graph with​​​‌ restricted access), etc. To​ achieve this objective of​‌ topological optimization of the​​ mobility network, an important​​​‌ part of the thesis​ has to be devoted​‌ to the analysis of​​ mobility data. Indeed, the​​​‌ different graph structures that​ can be explored in​‌ this thesis and which​​ are often transformations of​​​‌ the original road graph​ according to mathematical laws,​‌ require a calibration of​​ the parameters from real​​​‌ mobility data. Learning techniques​ are therefore used to​‌ extract useful information from​​ the various sources of​​​‌ mobility data, among which​ an important role is​‌ played by the mobility​​ data available at IFPEN,​​​‌ in particular Geco air​ and Geovelo data.

  • IMAnAI​‌

    Improved Bearings-only Target Motion​​ Analysis Using AI Tools​​​‌

    Participants: Alain Kibangou ,​ Hassen Fourati

    Partner Institutions:​‌ Naval Group and IIT​​ Delhi

    Date/Duration: 2023–2027

    Description:​​​‌ The objective of the​ project is to revisit​‌ several BOTMA (Bearing Only​​ Target Motion Analysis) scenarios,​​​‌ starting from conventional settings​ where both agents are​‌ performing rectilinear motion, which​​ limits observability, and extending​​​‌ to cases where one​ or both agents maneuver​‌ (with or without constant​​ speed in the case​​​‌ of the observer). The​ project aims to provide​‌ various estimation algorithms by​​ combining modern methods from​​​‌ control and estimation theory​ with artificial intelligence tools.​‌ Naval Group generated a​​ database of several thousand​​​‌ cases representing different conditions​ for BOTMA with realistic​‌ measurement noise, which will​​ be used for machine​​​‌ learning applications. The project​ is organized into four​‌ work packages: WP1 focuses​​ on an interval or​​​‌ probabilistic bounding framework; WP2​ addresses the application of​‌ nonlinear and AI-based estimation​​ tools; WP3 concerns the​​​‌ quickest detection of changes​ in the trajectory; and​‌ WP4 deals with the​​ strategic maneuvering of both​​​‌ the own ship and​ the target.

    From Inria,​‌ several teams are participating:​​

    • Auctus (Bordeaux) works in​​​‌ robotics and interval methods​ (WP1)
    • DANCE (Grenoble) develops​‌ control and estimation methods​​ using AI tools (WP2)​​​‌
    • Larsen (Nancy) specializes in​ the intersection of robotics​‌ and AI (WP1)
    • Modal​​ (Lille) focuses on statistical​​​‌ learning with complex multivariate​ or heterogeneous data (WP2,​‌ to be confirmed)
    • Valse​​ (Lille) designs control and​​​‌ estimation algorithms with accelerated​ convergence for cyber-physical systems​‌ applications (WP1, WP3)

    This​​ project is supporting the​​​‌ PhD thesis of Yann​ Cauchepin funded by a​‌ CIFRE contract from Naval​​ Group.

10 Partnerships and​​​‌ cooperations

Participants: Carlos Canudas​ de Wit, Giacomo​‌ Casadei, Hassen Fourati​​, Paolo Frasca,​​​‌ Federica Garin, Alain​ Kibangou.

10.1 International​‌ research visitors

10.1.1 Invited​​ professorships

Alain Kibangou was​​ appointed Visiting Associate Professor​​​‌ at the Faculty of‌ Science of the University‌​‌ of Johannesburg (UJ, South​​ Africa) for the period​​​‌ from September 1, 2022‌ to August 31, 2025‌​‌ (renewal in progress).

This​​ appointment reflects his sustained​​​‌ involvement in establishing a‌ long-term collaborative partnership between‌​‌ Univ. Grenoble Alpes (UGA)​​ and UJ. His efforts​​​‌ contributed to the signing‌ of Memoranda of Understanding‌​‌ (MoUs) between the two​​ institutions in 2018 and​​​‌ 2023, providing a formal‌ framework for all collaborative‌​‌ activities between the universities.​​ As an invited professor,​​​‌ he actively contributes to‌ the supervision and training‌​‌ of doctoral and master's​​ students. In 2022, he​​​‌ designed and delivered a‌ 10-hour Machine Learning training‌​‌ course, intended for end-users​​ rather than developers of​​​‌ machine-learning tools. The course,‌ taught in English, benefited‌​‌ 20 master's and doctoral​​ students at the University​​​‌ of Johannesburg.

10.1.2 Visits‌ of international scientists

Other‌​‌ international visits to the​​ team
Alexia Ambrogio
  • Status:​​​‌
    PhD
  • Institution of origin:‌
    Politecnico di Torino, Turin‌​‌
  • Country:
    Italy
  • Dates:
    February-July​​ 2025
  • Context of the​​​‌ visit:
    Collaboration on information‌ design in congestion games‌​‌
  • Mobility program/type of mobility:​​
    Research stay

10.1.3 Visits​​​‌ to international teams

Research‌ stays abroad
Guillaume Gasnier‌​‌
  • Visited institution:
    University of​​ California, Berkeley.
  • Country:
    USA.​​​‌
  • Dates:
    20/01/2025 – 20/03/2025.‌
  • Context of the visit:‌​‌
    Working with Prof. Murat​​ Arcak and Kameshwar Poolla.​​​‌
  • Mobility program / Type‌ of mobility:
    Research stay,‌​‌ funded by NSF grant​​ CNS-2135791 and the UGA​​​‌ 2025 outgoing international mobility‌ support grant for PhD‌​‌ students.
Carlos Canudas-de-Wit
  • Visited​​ institution:
    University of California,​​​‌ Berkeley.
  • Country:
    USA.
  • Dates:‌
    2 weeks in March‌​‌ 2025.
  • Mobility program /​​ Type of mobility:
    Collaboration​​​‌ with Marta Gonzalez and‌ with Maria Laura delle‌​‌ Monache.

10.2 European initiatives​​

10.2.1 eMob-Twin

  • Grant:
    ERC​​​‌ Proof of Concept (PoC)‌
  • Duration:
    2023–2025
  • PI:
    Carlos‌​‌ Canudas-de-Wit
  • Abstract:
    We have​​ developed eMob-TwinV1, built upon​​​‌ the findings of the‌ ERC-AdG Scale-FreeBack and ERC-PoC‌​‌ eMob-Twin, resulting in an​​ e-mobility simulation tool driven​​​‌ by digital twin technology.‌ eMob-TwinV1 serves a wide‌​‌ range of purposes including​​ forecasting, analysis, and unlocking​​​‌ EV flexibility, catering to‌ the needs of companies,‌​‌ stakeholders, and electricity markets.​​ Initially designed for the​​​‌ Grenoble metropolitan area, a‌ new version currently under‌​‌ development, eMob-TwinV2, will have​​ the capability to encompass​​​‌ any other metropolitan city‌ in France, incorporating auto-calibration‌​‌ functionalities. Primarily focused on​​ electric vehicle (EV) mobility​​​‌ and their state of‌ charge, it also integrates‌​‌ multi-power charging stations.

10.3​​ National initiatives

10.3.1 COCOON​​​‌ - Continuous Methods for‌ the Control of Large‌​‌ Networks

  • Funding:
    ANR (the​​ French national science foundation)​​​‌
  • Duration:
    2023-2027
  • PI:
    Paolo‌ Frasca
  • Abstarct:
    The theory‌​‌ of Automatic Control needs​​ substantial advancements to manage​​​‌ dynamics on large-scale networks,‌ because achieving control and‌​‌ estimation objectives using standard​​ methods is made intractable​​​‌ by the network size.‌ Instead, large networks and‌​‌ the dynamics therein require​​ adapted tools for modeling,​​​‌ learning, monitoring, and control.‌ For this reason, the‌​‌ COCOON project advocates a​​ scalable approach to large​​​‌ networks that is based‌ on continuous network models‌​‌ instead of the usual​​​‌ (discrete) graphs. Towards this​ broad objective, this proposal​‌ aims at concurrently developing​​ and cross-fertilising two promising​​​‌ methods to define continuous​ dynamics that approximate large-network​‌ dynamics: (1) Using graph​​ limit objects such as​​​‌ graphons; (2) Defining analog​ approximations through a continuation​‌ process that replaces a​​ large systems of ordinary​​​‌ differential equations with a​ single partial differential equation.​‌ These methods can be​​ beneficial in a multitude​​​‌ of potential applications: the​ project will address three​‌ distinct applications with potentially​​ high societal impact: epidemic​​​‌ models, electro-mobility networks and,​ with a bigger thrust,​‌ multimodal mobility networks.

10.3.2​​ FORBAC

  • Funding:
    PEPR MOBIDEC​​​‌ government initiative
  • Duration:
    2023​ - 2027
  • PI:
    Carlos​‌ Canudas-de-Wit
  • Abstract:
    The FORBAC​​ project aims to develop​​​‌ a methodology to predict​ the impact of changes​‌ in the mobility system​​ on environmental and socio-economic​​​‌ objectives and to create​ decision-support tools for designing​‌ optimal mobility systems based​​ on multiple criteria. On​​​‌ one hand, the project​ will develop a system​‌ model to analyze the​​ causal chains resulting from​​​‌ new policies, technologies, or​ lifestyle changes in mobility​‌ systems. This model will​​ identify all the input,​​​‌ output, and state variables​ of the subsystems and​‌ represent the interconnections between​​ them. It will include​​​‌ a map of these​ interconnections, equations, and a​‌ spatiotemporal database to quantify​​ the positive or negative​​​‌ effects of decisions at​ different levels and over​‌ various time scales. On​​ the other hand, the​​​‌ project will develop a​ retrospective approach to identify​‌ the best combinations of​​ mobility policies, services, and​​​‌ technologies to achieve the​ objectives specified beforehand. The​‌ project requires a multidisciplinary​​ research approach and the​​​‌ involvement of a wide​ range of users and​‌ citizens, experts, operators, and​​ decision-makers.

10.4 Regional initiatives​​​‌

10.4.1 BOOT - Robots​ for real world interaction​‌

  • Funding:
    CDP project IDEX​​ University Grenoble Alpes
  • Duration:​​​‌
    2022-2025
  • Member:
    Hassen Fourati​
  • Abstract:

    Robotics is rapidly​‌ transforming industry, services, and​​ healthcare, and large-scale investments​​​‌ such as the “France​ 2030” plan (800 M€)​‌ signal its growing societal​​ importance. Yet no existing​​​‌ robot fully meets the​ challenge of operating safely​‌ and effectively in complex,​​ evolving human environments. The​​​‌ CDP BOOT addresses this​ gap by uniting Grenoble’s​‌ strong and diverse expertise​​ in engineering (automation, mechatronics,​​​‌ signal and image processing,​ computer science) and the​‌ human and social sciences​​ (cognition, psychology, neurobiology, language​​​‌ processing, ergonomics). Structured around​ four axes –robot construction,​‌ perception, decision and control,​​ and human-robot synergy– it​​​‌ leverages UGA's numerous robotic​ platforms to conduct ambitious​‌ experimental, methodological, technological, and​​ theoretical work. By developing​​​‌ new interaction models, design​ guidelines, and integrated robotic​‌ systems, the project aims​​ to advance both robotics​​​‌ and our understanding of​ human behavior in real-world​‌ ecosystems, and to establish​​ Grenoble as a leading​​​‌ national and international center​ for robotics interacting with​‌ the real world.

    As​​ part of the project​​​‌ budget, we supported a​ master’s student and a​‌ postdoctoral fellow (I. Gharbi).​​

10.4.2 INSPECT - Enhancing​​​‌ surgery with deep learning-controlled​ continuum robots

  • Funding:
    Multidisciplinary​‌ Institute in Artificial Intelligence​​ Grenoble Alpes (chaire MIAI​​ CLUSTER)
  • Duration:
    2025-2029
  • Member:​​​‌
    Hassen Fourati
  • Abstract:

    Developing‌ reliable and explainable Artificial‌​‌ Intelligence (AI) approaches is​​ of paramount importance especially​​​‌ in clinical applications. The‌ wide adoption of robots‌​‌ for surgery is established,​​ with a market of​​​‌ some billion in 2024.‌ This domain was marked‌​‌ by the introduction of​​ continuum robots in the​​​‌ last decades, a break-through‌ in the robotics paradigm,‌​‌ allowing for inherently safe,​​ miniaturized, and deformable systems,​​​‌ able to access and‌ navigate through complex anatomy‌​‌ and closely reach confined​​ therapeutical targets. Their wide​​​‌ spread is yet limited‌ by the ability to‌​‌ localize and control such​​ small devices in medical​​​‌ images. INSPECT will provide‌ AI (deep/reinforcement learning) methods,‌​‌ combined with recent sophisticated​​ robot mathematical models, in​​​‌ order to precisely estimate‌ the entire shape of‌​‌ continuum robots and assist​​ surgeons to accurately control​​​‌ their motion. INSPECT will‌ aim for advances in‌​‌ AI-based surgical robots: less​​ invasive, safe, reliable, and​​​‌ accurate.

    As part of‌ the project budget, we‌​‌ can support a postdoctoral​​ fellow.

11 Dissemination

11.1​​​‌ Promoting scientific activities

11.1.1‌ Scientific events: selection

Member‌​‌ of the conference program​​ committees
  • Giacomo Casadei is​​​‌ Associate Editor, IEEE-CSS Conference‌ Editorial Board (CEB), since‌​‌ 2023.
  • Gustav Nilsson is​​ Associate Editor, IEEE-CSS Conference​​​‌ Editorial Board (CEB), since‌ 2023.
Reviewer
  • All permanent‌​‌ members are active in​​ reviewing for the main​​​‌ conferences in Automatic Control.‌

11.1.2 Journal

Member of‌​‌ the editorial boards
  • Carlos​​ Canudas-de-Wit was Senior Editor,​​​‌ IEEE Transactions on Control‌ of Network Systems (IEEE-TCNS),‌​‌ 2021-2025.
  • Carlos Canudas-de-Wit is​​ Editor at Large, Asian​​​‌ Journal of Control, since‌ 2012.
  • Carlos Canudas-de-Wit is‌​‌ part of the Editorial​​ Advisory Board, Transportation Research​​​‌ Part C since 2021.‌
  • Hassen Fourati is Associate‌​‌ Editor, IEEE Transactions on​​ Control Systems Technology, since​​​‌ 2024.
  • Hassen Fourati was‌ Associate Editor, IEEE Transactions‌​‌ on Automation Science and​​ Engineering (TASE), 2022-2025.
  • Federica​​​‌ Garin is Associate Editor,‌ IEEE Control Systems Letters,‌​‌ since 2021.
  • Alain Kibangou​​ is Associate Editor, IEEE​​​‌ Transactions on Control of‌ Network Systems, since 2022.‌​‌
Reviewer - reviewing activities​​
  • All permanent members are​​​‌ active in reviewing activities‌ for a variety of‌​‌ journals in Automatic Control,​​ Transportation Engineering, and Applied​​​‌ Mathematics.

11.1.3 Invited talks‌

Paolo Frasca has given‌​‌ two invited talks, including​​ a plenary talk at​​​‌ the French national congress‌ of Automatic Control and‌​‌ Production Engineering.

  • “Opinion dynamics​​ on signed graphons and​​​‌ W-random graphs”. Workshop on‌ Control and Games on‌​‌ Large Networks, IFAC NECSYS​​ 2025, Hong Kong, June​​​‌ 2, 2025
  • “Graphons: A‌ tool to study dynamics‌​‌ on large networks”, 3rd​​ SAGIP Congress, Mulhouse, France,​​​‌ May 21, 2025 (‌plenary)

11.1.4 Leadership‌​‌ within the scientific community​​

  • IEEE and IFAC
    Carlos​​​‌ Canudas-de-Wit is Fellow of‌ the IEEE and of‌​‌ the IFAC (International Federation​​ of Automatic Control), both​​​‌ since 2016. Paolo Frasca‌ is Senior member of‌​‌ the IEEE since 2018.​​ Team members participate to​​​‌ the following technical committees‌ of IEEE Control Systems‌​‌ Society and of the​​ IFAC: IEEE-CSS Technical Committee​​​‌ “Network Systems” (Paolo‌ Frasca , Federica Garin‌​‌ , and Gustav Nilsson​​​‌ ); IFAC Technical Committee​ 1.5 on Networked Systems​‌ (Carlos Canudas-de-Wit and​​ Paolo Frasca ); IFAC​​​‌ Technical Committee 2.5 on​ Robust Control (Paolo​‌ Frasca ); IFAC Technical​​ Committee 7.1 Automotive Control​​​‌ (Carlos Canudas-de-Wit );​ IFAC Technical Committee 7.4​‌ Transportation systems (Carlos​​ Canudas-de-Wit ); IFAC TC​​​‌ 9.2. Systems and Control​ for Societal Impact (​‌Paolo Frasca ).
  • EUCA​​
    Federica Garin has been​​​‌ Secretary of the European​ Control Association since June​‌ 2024.
  • IAGSUA
    Hassen Fourati​​ is a Board Member,​​​‌ since 2023.

11.1.5 Scientific​ expertise

  • Carlos Canudas-de-Wit was​‌ a member of Panel​​ 7 ERC-Consolidator Grant.
  • Paolo​​​‌ Frasca was a member​ of Panel CE48 of​‌ ANR (French research agency).​​

11.1.6 Research administration

  • Inria​​​‌ Grenoble
    Carlos Canudas-de-Wit is​ a COST-Inria-RA member since​‌ 2017; Federica Garin is​​ the President of Comité​​​‌ des Emplois Scientifiques since​ July 2019; Hassen Fourati​‌ is a member of​​ Commission de Développement Technologique​​​‌ since 2022.
  • GIPSA-lab
    Federica​ Garin was the chair​‌ of the Automatic Control​​ and Diagnostics division, 2020-2025;​​​‌ Alain Kibangou has been​ an Elected member, Conseil​‌ de laboratoire, since Jan​​ 2020.
  • UGA
    Alain Kibangou​​​‌ is a Deputy Director​ of pôle MSTIC at​‌ Univ. Grenoble Alpes since​​ December 2023. He is​​​‌ also a nominated member​ of CED (College des​‌ écoles Doctorales) council. Paolo​​ Frasca is an elected​​​‌ member of the same​ council.
  • UGA, ED EEATS​‌
    Paolo Frasca is Coordinator​​ of the program in​​​‌ Automatic Control and Production​ Engineering, EAATS Doctoral School,​‌ since October 2025
  • Persyval-lab​​
    Hassen Fourati is the​​​‌ co-leader of the research​ axis on Large-Scale Hybrid​‌ Systems (LSHS).
  • Recruiting committees​​
    Federica Garin was member​​​‌ of the recruiting committee​ for an Associate Professor​‌ position at Centrale Supélec.​​

11.2 Teaching - Supervision​​​‌ - Juries - Educational​ and pedagogical outreach

11.2.1​‌ Teaching

  • Giacomo Casadei
    is​​ a lecturer in the​​​‌ department of Physical Measures,​ IUT1, Grenoble. Courses include​‌ Control Theory, Signal Processing​​ and Electrical Engineering.
  • Hassen​​​‌ Fourati
    gives each year​ around 250h of lectures​‌ and labs on average​​ for first and second​​​‌ year students at the​ electrical engineering department (GEII)​‌ of IUT1, and third​​ year students of bachelor's​​​‌ degree at Univ. Grenoble​ Alpes. The courses include​‌ Mathematics, logics, networks and​​ automatic control. He also​​​‌ teaches for the MARS​ master of the University​‌ of Grenoble. He has​​ several responsibilities related to​​​‌ his teaching:
    • Unité d'Enseignement​ (UE) at UFR Physique,​‌ Ingénierie, Terre, Environnement, Mécanique​​ (PhITEM), Université Grenoble Alpes​​​‌ : “Single input single​ output (SISO) automatic control”,​‌ 15h CM, 9h TD,​​ 15h TP, master 1​​​‌ Electronique, Energie électrique, Automatique​ (EEA). Since 2023.
    • 2nd​‌ and 3rd tear internships,​​ département GEII, IUT 1​​​‌ Grenoble. Since 2023.
  • Paolo​ Frasca
    has lectured about​‌ Intelligent Transportation Systems &​​ Coordination of Autonomous Vehicles​​​‌ in the Master Autonomous​ and Robotics Systems (MARS)​‌ of the University of​​ Grenoble.
  • Alain Kibangou
    gives​​​‌ each year 250h of​ lectures and labs on​‌ average for first and​​ second year students at​​​‌ the electrical engineering department​ (GEII) of IUT1 at​‌ Univ. Grenoble Alpes. The​​ courses include Control theory​​ and Mathematics. He is​​​‌ director of studies for‌ the second year of‌​‌ the BUT program (Bachelor​​ Universitaire de Technologie) and​​​‌ responsible of Control theory‌ teaching.
  • Federica Garin
    gives‌​‌ each year a class​​ “Distributed Algorithms and Network​​​‌ Systems”, M2, Univ. Grenoble‌ Alpes.
  • Gustav Nilsson
    supervised‌​‌ one project in the​​ course “Projet intégrateur”, M2,​​​‌ Grenoble INP.

11.2.2 Supervision‌

Completed PhDs
  • Ghadeer Shaaban‌​‌
    “Contributions to Navigation Under​​ Unknown Input and Cyber-Physical​​​‌ Security” 38, September‌ 2025, co-advised by Alain‌​‌ Kibangou , Hassen Fourati​​ and Christophe Prieur (GIPSA-lab).​​​‌ Supported by a scholarship‌ from the EEATS doctoral‌​‌ school.
PhDs in progress​​
  • Alex Ardelean
    Synchronization of​​​‌ discrete-time network dynamics,‌ since October 2025. Co-advised‌​‌ by Giacomo Casadei and​​ Paolo Frasca .
  • Tarek​​​‌ Bazizi
    Multi-agent systems,‌ since October 2024. Co-advised‌​‌ by Paolo Frasca and​​ Mohamed Maghenem (GIPSA-lab). Supported​​​‌ by a scholarship from‌ the EEATS doctoral school.‌​‌
  • Manuel Campero Jurado
    Optimal​​ design of the urban​​​‌ mobility network for sustainable‌ sharing between vehicles and‌​‌ soft modes of transport​​, since February 2023.​​​‌ Advised by Carlos Canudas-de-Wit‌ . Supported by the‌​‌ OpNet grant.
  • Yann Cauchepin​​
    Underwater navigation, since​​​‌ December 2024. Co-advised by‌ Alain Kibangou , Hassen‌​‌ Fourati , and Adrien​​ Nègre (Naval Group).
  • Guillaume​​​‌ Gasnier
    Modeling and optimal‌ control of electro-mobility networks‌​‌, since January 2023.​​ Advised by Carlos Canudas-de-Wit​​​‌ .
  • Omar Meebed
    Modeling‌ multimodal transportation networks,‌​‌ since July 2024. Co-advised​​ by Alain Kibangou and​​​‌ Hassen Fourati .
  • Raoul‌ Prisant
    Continuous models for‌​‌ the control of large​​ networks: graphon limits,​​​‌ since November 2023. Co-advised‌ by Federica Garin ,‌​‌ Paolo Frasca and Giacomo​​ Casadei .
  • Eduardo Steve​​​‌ Rodriguez Canales
    Adoption dynamics‌ in social networks for‌​‌ green mobility, since​​ November 2024. Co-advised by​​​‌ Alain Kibangou and Paolo‌ Frasca .
Master students,‌​‌ interns, long-term student visitors​​
  • Alexia Ambrogio (PhD student,​​​‌ Politecnico di Torino, Turin,‌ Italy)
    Information design in‌​‌ congestion games, February-July​​ 2025. Hosted by Paolo​​​‌ Frasca .
  • Julia Clement-Echeverria‌
    Synchronization of network dynamics‌​‌, May-September 2025. Advised​​ by Giacomo Casadei .​​​‌
  • Hamidou Diallo (ENSIMAG Grenoble)‌
    Analysis of systemic risk‌​‌ in financial networks: from​​ static simulation to stochastic​​​‌ dynamics, Spring 2025.‌ Co-advised by Paolo Frasca‌​‌ , Federica Garin and​​ Nicolas Gast (GHOST team).​​​‌

11.2.3 Juries

  • Paolo Frasca‌ was member of the‌​‌ PhD defense committee of​​ Quang Hung Pham, Université​​​‌ Grenoble Alpes November 26,‌ 2025
  • Paolo Frasca was‌​‌ rapporteur and member of​​ the PhD defense committee​​​‌ of Min Li, Ecole‌ Centrale Lille, October 30,‌​‌ 2025.
  • Federica Garin was​​ member of the PhD​​​‌ defense committee of Antoine‌ Legat, Univ. Catholique de‌​‌ Louvain, Belgium.
  • Alain Kibangou​​ was member of the​​​‌ PhD thesis committee of‌ Alireza Akhavi Zadegan at‌​‌ university of Tartu, Estonia​​ (June 2025). He was​​​‌ one of the two‌ opponents.
  • Alain Kibangou was‌​‌ member of PhD thesis​​ committee of Isaac Olawanreju​​​‌ at University of Lorraine,‌ Metz, France (November 2025).‌​‌

12 Scientific production

12.1​​ Major publications

12.2​‌ Publications of the year​​

International journals

International peer-reviewed conferences

Doctoral​​​‌ dissertations and habilitation theses‌

Reports &​​​‌ preprints

12.3 Cited publications​​​‌

  • 45 bookV.V.D.​ Blondel, E.E.D.​‌ Sontag, M.M.​​ Vidyasagar and J.J.C.​​​‌ Willems, eds. Open​ Problems in Mathematical Systems​‌ and Control Theory.​​Springer1999back to​​​‌ text
  • 46 inproceedingsC.​Carlos Canudas de Wit​‌ and B.Baptiste Lefeuvre​​. eMob-Twin: A Digital​​​‌ Twin for Electromobility Flexibility​ Forecast.IFAC-PapersOnLine58​‌10Ayia Napa, Cyprus​​July 2024, 29-36​​​‌HALDOIback to​ text
  • 47 articleC.​‌C. Canudas de Wit​​, F.F. Morbidi​​​‌, L.L. Ojeda​, A.A. Kibangou​‌, I.I. Bellicot​​ and P.P. Bellemain​​​‌. Grenoble Traffic Lab:​ An Experimental Platform for​‌ Advanced Traffic Monitoring and​​ Forecasting.csm35​​​‌32015, 23-39​back to text
  • 48​‌ inproceedingsC.Carlos Canudas​​ de Wit, M.​​​‌Martin Rodriguez-Vega, G.​Giovanni de Nunzio and​‌ B.Bassel Othman.​​ A new model for​​​‌ electric vehicle mobility and​ energy consumption in urban​‌ traffic networks.MFTS​​ 2022- 4th Symposium on​​​‌ Management of Future Motorway​ and Urban Traffic Systems​‌Dresden, GermanyNovember 2022​​HALback to text​​​‌
  • 49 articleJ. R.​John RP French Jr​‌. A formal theory​​ of social power..​​​‌Psychological review633​1956, 181back​‌ to text
  • 50 inproceedings​​A.Alain Kibangou and​​​‌ R.Retsepile Kalaoane.​ Optimal Decision-Making in a​‌ Captive Users Context.​​CCA 2024 - 3rd​​​‌ Control Conference Africa58​25Balaclava, MauritiusElsevier​‌September 2024, 144-149​​HALDOIback to​​​‌ text
  • 51 bookL.​László Lovász. Large​‌ networks and graph limits​​.60American Mathematical​​​‌ Soc.2012back to​ text
  • 52 articleD.​‌Denis Nikitin, C.​​Carlos Canudas-de-Wit and P.​​​‌Paolo Frasca. A​ Continuation Method for Large-Scale​‌ Modeling and Control: From​​ ODEs to PDE, a​​​‌ Round Trip.IEEE​ Transactions on Automatic Control​‌67102022,​​ 5118-5133DOIback to​​​‌ text
  • 53 inproceedingsU.​Ujjwal Pratap, L.​‌Leo Senique and C.​​Carlos Canudas de Wit​​​‌. GTL-Healthmob: Simulation platform​ for urban mobility and​‌ epidemic control.2022​​ - 6èmes journées des​​​‌ Démonstrateurs en AutomatiqueAngers,​ FranceJune 2022,​‌ 1-11HALback to​​ text
  • 54 articleM.​​​‌Martin Rodriguez-Vega, C.​Carlos Canudas de Wit​‌ and H.Hassen Fourati​​. Dynamic density and​​​‌ flow reconstruction in large-scale​ urban networks using heterogeneous​‌ data sources.Transportation​​ research. Part C, Emerging​​​‌ technologies137AprilApril​ 2022, 103569HAL​‌DOIback to text​​