2.1 Introduction

An embedded architecture is an artifact f heterogeneous constituents and at the crossing of several design viewpoints: software, embedded in hardware, interfaced with the physical world. Time takes different forms when observed from each of these viewpoints: continuous or discrete, event-based or time-triggered. Modeling and programming formalisms that represent software, hardware and physics significantly alter this perception of time. Therefore, time reasoning in system design is usually isolated to a specific design problem: simulation, profiling, performance, scheduling, parallelization, simulation. The aim of project-team TEA is to define conceptually unified frameworks for reasoning on composition and integration in cyber-physical system design, and to put this reasoning to practice by revisiting analysis and synthesis issues in real-time system design with soundness and compositionality gained from formalization.

2.2 Context

In the construction of complex systems, information technology (IT) has become a central force of revolutionary changes, driven by the exponential increase of computational power. In the field of telecommunication, IT provides the necessary basis for systems of networked distributed applications. In the field of control engineering, IT provides the necessary basis for embedded control applications. The combination of telecommunication and embedded systems into networked embedded systems opens up a new range of systems, capable of providing more intelligent functionalities, thanks to information and communication (ICT). Networked embedded systems have revolutionized several application domains: energy networks, industrial automation and transport systems.

20th-century science and technology brought us effective methods and tools for designing both computational and physical systems, such as for instance Simulink and Matlab. But the design of cyber-physical systems (CPS) is much more than the union of those two fields. Traditionally, information scientists only have a hazy notion of requirements imposed by the physical environment of computers. Similarly, mechanical, civil, and chemical engineers view computers strictly as devices executing algorithms. CPS design is, to date, mostly executed in this ad-hoc manner, without sound, mathematically grounded, integrative methodology. A new science of CPS design will allow to create machines with complex dynamics and high control reliability, and apply to new industries and applications, such as IoT or edge devices, in a reliable and economically efficient way. Progress requires nothing less than the construction of a new science and technology foundation for CPS that is simultaneously physical and computational.

2.3 Motivations

Beyond the buzzword, a CPS is a ubiquitous object of our everyday life. CPSs have evolved from individual independent units (e.g. an ABS brake) to more and more integrated networks of units, which may be aggregated into larger components or sub-systems. For example, a transportation monitoring network aggregates monitored stations and trains through a large scale distributed system with relatively high latency. Each individual train is being controlled by a train control network, each car in the train has its own real-time bus to control embedded devices. More and more, CPSs are mixing real-time low latency technology with higher latency distributed computing technology.

A common feature found in CPSs is the ever presence of concurrency and parallelism in models. Large systems are increasingly mixing both types of concurrency. They are structured hierarchically and comprise multiple synchronous devices connected by buses or networks that communicate asynchronously. This led to the advent of so-called GALS (Globally Asynchronous, Locally Synchronous) models, or PALS (Physically Asynchronous, Logically Synchronous) systems, where reactive synchronous objects are communicating asynchronously. Still, these infrastructures, together with their programming models, share some fundamental concerns: parallelism and concurrency synchronization, determinism and functional correctness, scheduling optimality and calculation time predictability.

Additionally, CPSs monitor and control real-world processes, the dynamics of which are usually governed by physical laws. These laws are expressed by physicists as mathematical equations and formulas. Discrete CPS models cannot ignore these dynamics, but whereas the equations express the continuous behavior usually using real (irrational) variables, the models usually have to work with discrete time and approximate floating point variables.

2.4 Challenges

A cyber-physical, or reactive, or embedded system is the integration of heterogeneous components originating from several design viewpoints: reactive software, some of which is embedded in hardware, interfaced with the physical environment through mechanical parts. Time takes different forms when observed from each of these viewpoints: it is discrete and event-based in software, discrete and time-triggered in hardware, continuous in mechanics or physics. Design of CPS often benefits from concepts of multiform and logical time(s) for their natural description. High-level formalisms used to model software, hardware and physics additionally alter this perception of time quite significantly.

In model-based system design, time is usually abstracted to serve the purpose of one of many design tasks: verification, simulation, profiling, performance analysis, scheduling analysis, parallelization, distribution, or virtual prototyping. For example in non-real-time commodity software, timing abstraction such as number of instructions and algorithmic complexity is sufficient: software will run the same on different machines, except slower or faster. Alternatively, in cyber-physical systems, multiple recurring instances of meaningful events may create as many dedicated logical clocks, on which to ground modeling and design practices.

Time abstraction increases efficiency in event-driven simulation or execution (i.e SystemC simulation models try to abstract time, from cycle-accurate to approximate-time, and to loosely-time), while attempting to retain functionality, but without any actual guarantee of valid accuracy (responsibility is left to the model designer). Functional determinism (a.k.a. conflict-freeness in Petri Nets, monotonicity in Kahn PNs, confluence in Milner's CCS, latency-insensitivity and elasticity in circuit design) allows for reducing to some amount the problem to that of many schedules of a single self-timed behavior, and time in many system studies is partitioned into models of computation and communication (MoCCs). Multiple, multiform time(s) raises the question of combination, abstraction or refinement between distinct time bases. The question of combining continuous time with discrete logical time calls for proper discretization in simulation and implementation. While timed reasoning takes multiple forms, there is no unified foundation to reason about multi-form time in system design.

The objective of project-team TEA is henceforth to define formal models for timed quantitative reasoning, composition, and integration in embedded system design. Formal time models and calculi should allow us to revisit common domain problems in real-time system design, such as time predictability and determinism, memory resources predictability, real-time scheduling, mixed-criticality and power management; yet from the perspective gained from inter-domain timed and quantitative abstraction or refinement relations. A regained focus on fundamentals will allow to deliver better tooled methodologies for virtual prototyping and integration of embedded architectures.

3.1 Previous Works

The challenges of team TEA support the claim that sound Cyber-Physical System design (including embedded, reactive, and concurrent systems altogether) should consider multi-form time models as a central aspect. In this aim, architectural specifications found in software engineering are a natural focal point to start from. Architecture descriptions organize a system model into manageable components, establish clear interfaces between them, collect domain-specific constraints and properties to help correct integration of components during system design. The definition of a formal design methodology to support heterogeneous or multi-form models of time in architecture descriptions demands the elaboration of sound mathematical foundations and the development of formal calculi and methods to instrument them.

System design based on the “synchronous paradigm” has focused the attention of many academic and industrial actors on abstracting non-functional implementation details from system design. This elegant design abstraction focuses on the logic of interaction in reactive programs rather than their timed behavior, allowing to secure functional correctness while remaining an intuitive programming model for embedded systems. Yet, it corresponds to embedded technologies of single cores and synchronous buses from the 90s, and may hardly cover the semantic diversity of distribution, parallelism, heterogeneity, of cyber-physical systems found in 21st century Internet-connected, true-time-synchronized clouds, of tomorrow's grids.

By contrast with a synchronous hypothesis, yet from the same era, the polychronous MoCC is inherently capable of describing multi-clock abstractions of GALS systems. Polychrony is implemented in the data-flow specification language Signal, available in the Eclipse project POP (Polychrony on Polarsys) and in the CCSL standard 1 available from the TimeSquare project. Both provide tooled infrastructures to refine high-level specifications into real-time streaming applications or locally synchronous and globally asynchronous systems, through a series of model analysis, verification, and synthesis services. These tool-supported refinement and transformation techniques can assist the system engineer from the earliest design stages of requirement specification to the latest stages of synthesis, scheduling and deployment. These characteristics make polychrony much closer to the required semantic for compositional, refinement-based, architecture-driven, system design.

While polychrony was a step ahead of the traditional synchronous hypothesis, CCSL is a leap forward from synchrony and polychrony. The essence of CCSL is “multi-form time” toward addressing all of the domain-specific physical, electronic and logical aspects of cyber-physical system design.

3.2 Timed Modeling

To formalize timed semantics for system design, we shall rely on algebraic representations of time as clocks found in previous works and introduce a paradigm of "time system": refinement types that represent timed behaviors. Just as a type system abstracts data carried along operations in a program, a “time system” abstracts the causal interaction of that program module or hardware element with its environment, its pre- and post-conditions, its assumptions and guarantees, either logical or numerical, discrete or continuous. Some fundamental concepts we envision are present in the clock calculi found in data-flow synchronous languages like Signal or Lustre, yet bound to a particular model of timed concurrency.

In particular, the principle of refinement type systems 2, is to associate information (data-types) inferred from programs and models with properties pertaining, for instance, to the algebraic domain on their value, or any algebraic property related to its computation: effect, memory usage, pre-post condition, value-range, cost, speed, time, temporal logic 3. Being grounded on type and domain theories, such type systems system should naturally be equipped with program analysis techniques based on type inference (for data-type inference) or abstract interpretation (for program properties inference) to help establish formal relations between heterogeneous component “types”.

Gaining scalability requires the capacity to modularly decompose systems which can be obtained using Abadi and Lamport's “Composing Specifications” and implemented by the notion of assume-guarantee contracts or Dijkstra monads. Verification problems encompassing heterogeneously timed specifications are common and of great variety: checking correctness between abstract (e.g. the synchronous hypothesis) and concrete time models (e.g. real-time architectures) relates to desynchronisation (from synchrony to asynchrony) and scheduling analysis (from synchronous data-flow to hardware). More generally, they can be perceived from heterogeneous timing viewpoints (e.g. mapping a synchronous-time software on a real-time middleware or hardware).

This perspective demands capabilities to use abstraction and refinement mechanisms for time models (using simulation, refinement, bi-simulation, equivalence relations) but also to prove more specific properties (synchronization, determinism, endochrony). All this formalization effort will allow to effectively perform the tooled validation of common cross-domain properties (e.g. cost v.s. power v.s. performance v.s. software mapping) and tackle problems such as these integrating constraints of battery capacity, on-board CPU performance, available memory resources, software schedulability, to logical software correctness and plant controllability.

3.3 Modeling Architectures

To address the formalization of such cross-domain case studies, modeling the architecture formally plays an essential role. An architectural model represents components in a distributed system as boxes with well-defined interfaces, connections between ports on component interfaces, and specifies component properties that can be used in analytical reasoning about the model.

In system design, an architectural specification serves several important purposes. First, it breaks down a system model into components of manageable size and complexity, to establish clear interfaces between components. In this way, complexity becomes manageable by hiding details that are not relevant at a given level of abstraction. Clear, formally defined, and semantically rich component interfaces facilitate integration by allowing most validation efforts to be conducted modularly. Connections between components, which specify how components interact with each other, help propagate the guaranteed effects of a component to the assumptions of linked components.

Most importantly, an architectural model is a repository to share knowledge about the system being designed. This knowledge can be represented as requirements, design artifacts, component implementations, held together by a structural backbone. Such a repository enables automatic generation of analytical models for different aspects of the system, such as timing, reliability, security, performance, energy, etc. Since all the models are generated from the same source, the consistency of assumptions w.r.t. guarantees, of abstractions w.r.t. refinements, used for different analyses becomes easier, and can be properly ensured in a design methodology based on formal verification and synthesis methods.

3.4 Scheduling Theory

Based on sound formalization of time and CPS architectures, real-time scheduling theory provides tools for predicting the timing behavior of a CPS which consists of many interacting software and hardware components. Expressing parallelism among software components is a crucial aspect of the design process of a CPS. It allows for efficient partition and exploitation of available resources.

The literature about real-time scheduling 4 provides very mature schedulability tests regarding many scheduling strategies, preemptive or non-preemptive scheduling, uniprocessor or multiprocessor scheduling, etc. Scheduling of data-flow graphs has also been extensively studied in the past decades.

A milestone in this prospect is the development of abstract affine scheduling techniques 5. It consists, first, of approximating task communication patterns (e.g. between Safety-Critical Java threads) using cyclo-static data-flow graphs and affine functions. Then, it uses state of the art ILP techniques to find optimal schedules and to concretize them as real-time schedules in the program implementations 67.

Abstract scheduling, or the use of abstraction and refinement techniques in scheduling borrowed to the theory of abstract interpretation 8 is a promising development toward tooled methodologies to orchestrate thousands of heterogeneous hardware/software blocks on modern CPS architectures (just consider modern cars or aircrafts). It is an issue that simply defies the state of the art and known bounds of complexity theory in the field, and consequently requires a particular focus.

3.5 Verified programming for system design

The IoT is a network of devices that sense, actuate and change our immediate environment. Against this fundamental role of sensing and actuation, design of edge devices often considers actions and event timings to be primarily software implementation issues: programming models for IoT abstract even the most rudimentary information regarding timing, sensing and the effects of actuation. As a result, applications programming interfaces (API) for IoT allow wiring systems fast without any meaningful assertions about correctness, reliability or resilience.

We make the case that the "API glue" must give way to a logical interface expressed using contracts or refinement types. Interfaces can be governed by a calculus – a refinement type calculus – to enable reasoning on time, sensing and actuation, in a way that provides both deep specification refinement, for mechanized verification of requirements, and multi-layered abstraction, to support compositionality and scalability, from one end of the system to the other.

Our project seeks to elevate the “function as type” paradigm to that of “system as type”: to define a refinement type calculus based on concepts of contracts for reasoning on networked devices and integrate them as cyber-physical systems 9. An invited paper 10 outlines our progress with respect to this aim and plans towards building a verified programming environment for networked IoT devices: we propose a type-driven approach to verifying and building safe and secure IoT applications.

Accounting for such constraints in a more principled fashion demands reasoning about the composition of all the software and hardware components of the application. Our proposed framework takes a step in this direction by (1) using refinement types to make physical constraints explicit and (2) imposing an event-driven programming discipline to simplify the reasoning of system-wide properties to that of an event queue. In taking this approach, a developer could build a verified IoT application by ensuring that a well-typed program cannot violate the physical constraints of its architecture and environment.

5.1 Awards

Shenghao Yuan participated to Hackatech 2021 from Sep. 30 to Oct. 2 and joined the JIMI team with the project to use AI techniques for automatically generating new (and hence copyright-free) melodies (Automatiser la création de mélodies). The JIMI project won the prize `Challenge Ouest France` among three other projects awarded.

6.1 New software

7.1 A logical framework to verify requirements of hybrid system models

Participants: Stéphane Kastenbaum, Benoit Boyer, Jean-Pierre Talpin.

The goal of this PhD project is to build on the previous work done in Simon Lunel's PhD thesis. The goal is to ensure the correctness-by-design of cyber-physical system models. It deals with cyber-physical systems (CPS), which are assemblies of networked, heterogeneous, hardware, and software components sensing, evaluating, and actuating a physical environment. This heterogeneity induces complexity that makes CPSs challenging to model correctly. Since CPSs often have critical functions, it is however of utmost importance to formally verify them in order to provide the highest guarantees of safety. Faced with CPS complexity, model abstraction becomes paramount to make verification attainable. To this end, assume/guarantee contracts enable component model abstraction to support a sound, structured, and modular verification process. While abstractions of models by contracts are usually proved sound, none of the related contract frameworks themselves have, to the best of our knowledge, been formally proved correct so far. In this aim, we present the formalization of a generic assume/guarantee contract theory in the Coq proof assistant. We identify and prove theorems that ensure its correctness. Our theory is generic, or parametric, in that it can be instantiated and used with any given logic, in particular hybrid logics, in which highly complex cyber-physical systems can uniformly be described. This year, an article was published 15, presenting this parameterized formalization of a meta-theory of contract in the proof assistant Coq. We are now working on instantiating this theory with differential dynamic logic, a language to specify cyber-physical sytems. This instantiation provides a use case for the meta-theory of contracts. To this end, we are using CoqDL, a formalization of differential dynamic logic that was developed by the Logical Systems Lab of Carnegie Mellon University. We are currently exploring two compatible methods of instantiation. They will provide feedback and yield interesting properties.

7.2 Semantic foundations for cyber-physical systems using higher-order UTP

Participants: Xiong Xu, Jean-Pierre Talpin, Naijun Zhan.

The arrival of Xiong Xu with team TEA strenghtened our collaboration with Naijun Zhan's group at ISCAS, Beijing, in the context of Inria associate-project CONVEX.

7.3 Verified programming and secure integration of operating system libraries in RIOT-fp

Participants: Shenghao Yuan, Frédéric Besson, Jean-Pierre Talpin.

Our project aims at the formal verification of safety and security properties for embedded operating system libraries in RIOT, focusing on its bootloader and a virtual machine to host runtime applications and services in the eBPF (extended Berkeley packet filter).

In 2021, Shenghao designed and verified RIOT's bootloader in Low* (a subset of F*). The model consists of the fletcher32 image checksum algorithm and an ARM assembly code sequence for booting. Both have been proved functionally correct and memory safe in F*. The work has been published 17.

In collaboration with teams Celtique (Frédéric Besson) and TRiBE (Koen Zandberg), FU Berlin (Emmanuel Baccelli) and Université de Lille (Samuel Hym), Shenghao implemented a verified rBPF virtual machine for RIOT's "femto-containers" in Coq. This work consists of 1) modelling an executable Coq interpreter of the rBPF virtual machine in Coq; 2) formally proving the rBPF interpreter satisfies sandboxing properties (software fault isolation) 3) defining a monadic Coq rBPF model and extract it to CompCert Clight ; 4) proving a forward simulation between the monadic Coq model and the Clight implementation.

This work is being submitted for publication: "End-to-end mechanised proof of an eBPF virtual machine for micro-controllers". Shenghao Yuan, Frédéric Besson, Jean-Pierre Talpin, 25 pages, 2022.

7.4 Verified Functional Programming of an Abstract Interpreter

Participants: Lucas Franceschino, David Pichardie, Jean-Pierre Talpin.

We presented a verified abstract interpreter written in a functional style with the proof-oriented programming language F*. An abstract interpreter is a static analyser that implements algorithms from abstract interpretation. Abstract interpretation is a theory for copmputing sound approximations of program properties. However, most of abstract interpreters are themselves not verified and possibly subject to implementation errors, jeopardizing the expected mathematical guarantees: one slight bug might result in a bad inference. A solution to this problem is verified programming: to develop the program alongside with its correctness proof. In the scope of this work, this amounts to programming an abstract interpreter and proving its soundness formally, at the same time.

Such verified abstract interpreters already exist: their development and proofs were conducted with the proof assistant Coq. While their soundness guarantees are great, their require tremendous manual proof efforts, proofs that demand skill and expertise to understand, write and maintain, especially for abstract interpretation specialists (often non proof-assistant experts). For example, the Verasco abstract interpreter required about 17k lines of manual Coq proofs. By contrast with a handwritten proof, a Coq proof can be very verbose, and often does not convey a good intuition for the idea behind a proof. Leveraging the type system and automation of the proof-oriented programming language F*, we designed and presented a very small (only about 527 lines of codes) and self-contained abstract interpreter. Our paper 14 presents 95% of its source code. Its F* implementation resembles OCaml code and is very accessible to a public with no expertise in proof assistants: it required less than 40 lines of explicit proofs.

Our work highlights how our style of development can be helpful for writing accessible yet formally verified static analyser. As further work, we aim at enriching the target language of our analyser in order to progressively get closer to a real-world programming language such as C. It would also be very interesting to see how the lines of code and lines of proof ratio evolves while adding more complex abstract domains.

7.5 Using Polychrony for programming artificial neural networks

Participants: Thierry Gautier.

As part of a long-standing collaboration with Abdoulaye Gamatié, Senior Researcher at CNRS in the Microelectronics department of the LIRMM laboratory in Montpellier, we followed an exploratory work by a student from City University of Hong Kong, supervised by Abdoulaye Gamatié, on the use of the Signal language and the Polychrony toolset to build Convolutional Neural Networks and Recurrent Neural Networks. The internship resulted in a report by Jierui Liu entitled “Towards Synchronous Dataflow Programming of Artificial Neural Networks”. In particular, the C code generated automatically from Polychrony was evaluated against the corresponding Python or hand-coded C descriptions of CNNs. It was generally observed that the Signal model allows to build a relevant CNN model for inference in a compositional manner. Though this work is preliminary, this study could open further perspectives on leveraging the design facilities associated with Signal for generating high-quality code for embedded systems dedicated to artificial intelligence.

7.6 ADFG: Affine data-flow graphs scheduler synthesis

Participants: Thierry Gautier, Jean-Pierre Talpin, Shuvra Bhattacharyya, Alexandre Honorat, Hai Nam Tran.

We continued our research involving the development of advanced signal processing dataflow methods for the ADFG tool. This research is collaboratively developed with the TEA Team, Hai Nam Tran (Lab-STICC/UBO), Alexandre Honorat (INSA) and Shuvra Bhattacharyya (UMD/INSA/INRIA). Emphasis during this reporting period has been on the development of a framework to integrate the scheduling synthesized by ADFG into a scheduling simulator and a code generator targeting the RTEMS (Real-Time Executive for Multiprocessor Systems) RTOS. Our latest results were published in 16

8.1 Bilateral contracts with industry

Inria – Mitsubishi Electric framework program (2018+)

• Title: Inria – Mitsubishi Electric framework program
• INRIA principal investigator: Jean-Pierre Talpin
• International Partner: Mitsubishi Electric R&D Europe (MERCE)
• Duration: 2018+
• Abstract: Following up the fruitful collaboration of TEA with the formal methods group at MERCE, Inria and Mitsubishi Electric signed an Inria-wide collaboration agreement, which currently hosts projects with project-teams Sumo and Tea, as well as Toccata.

8.2 Bilateral grants with industry

Mitsubishi Electric R&D Europe (2019-2022)

• Title: A logical framework to verify requirements of hybrid system models
• INRIA principal investigator: Jean-Pierre Talpin, Stéphane Kastenbaum
• International Partner: Mitsubishi Electric R&D Europe
• Duration: 2019 - 2022
• Abstract: The goal of this doctoral project is to verify and build cyber-physical systems (CPSs) with a correct-by-construction approach in order to validate system requirements against the two facets of the cyber and physical aspects of such designs. Our approach is based on components augmented with formal contracts that can be composed, abstracted or refined. It fosters on the proof of system-level requirements by composing individual properties proved at component level. While semantically grounded, the tooling of this methodology should be usable by regular engineers (i.e. not proof theory specialists).

9.1 International initiatives

9.2 National initiatives

10.1 Promoting scientific activities

Jean-Pierre Talpin served the program committee of SAMOS'21: International Conference on Embedded Computer Systems: Architectures, Modeling and Simulation.

10.2 Teaching - Supervision - Juries

Jean-Pierre Talpin served as rapporteur for the defense of Guillaume Dupont's Ph.D. Thesis at INP Toulouse: "Correct-by-construction design of hybrid systems based on refinement and proof".

11.1 Major publications

• 1 incollectionL.Loic Besnard, T.Thierry Gautier, P.Paul Le Guernic, C.Clément Guy, J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin, B.Brian Larson and E.Etienne Borde. Formal Semantics of Behavior Specifications in the Architecture Analysis and Design Language Standard.Cyber-Physical System Design from an Architecture Analysis ViewpointCyber-Physical System Design from an Architecture Analysis ViewpointSpringerJanuary 2017
  HALDOI
• 2 incollectionL.Loïc Besnard, T.Thierry Gautier, P.Paul Le Guernic and J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin. Compilation of Polychronous Data Flow Equations.Synthesis of Embedded SoftwareSpringer2010, 1-40
  HALDOI
• 3 inproceedingsA.Adnan Bouakaz and J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin. Design of Safety-Critical Java Level 1 Applications Using Affine Abstract Clocks.International Workshop on Software and Compilers for Embedded SystemsSt. Goar, GermanyJune 2013, 58-67
  HALDOI
• 4 articleA.Abdoulaye Gamatié, T.Thierry Gautier and P.Paul Le Guernic. Synchronous design of avionic applications based on model refinements.Journal of Embedded Computing (IOS Press)23-42006, 273-289
  HAL
• 5 inproceedingsA.Alexandre Honorat, H. N.Hai Nam Tran, L.Loïc Besnard, T.Thierry Gautier, J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin and A.Adnan Bouakaz. ADFG: a scheduling synthesis tool for dataflow graphs in real-time systems.International Conference on Real-Time Networks and Systems Grenoble, FranceOctober 2017, 1-10
  HALDOI
• 6 inproceedingsS.Simon Lunel, B.Benoît Boyer and J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin. Compositional proofs in differential dynamic logic dL.17th International Conference on Application of Concurrency to System DesignZaragoza, SpainJune 2017
  HAL
• 7 inproceedingsS.Simon Lunel, S.Stefan Mitsch, B.Benoît Boyer and J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin. Parallel Composition and Modular Verification of Computer Controlled Systems in Differential Dynamic Logic.FM 2019 - 23rd International Symposium on Formal MethodsLong version of an article accepted to the conference FM'19Porto, PortugalOctober 2019, 1-22
  HAL
• 8 bookS.Shin Nakajima, J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin, M.Masumo Toyoshima and H.Huafeng Yu. Cyber-Physical System Design from an Architecture Analysis Viewpoint.Communications of NII Shonan MeetingsSpringerJanuary 2017
  HALDOI
• 9 techreportV.Virginia Papailiopoulou, D.Dumitru Potop-Butucaru, Y.Yves Sorel, R.Robert De Simone, L.Loic Besnard and J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin. From concurrent multi-clock programs to concurrent multi-threaded implementations.RR-7577INRIAMarch 2011, 22
  HAL
• 10 inproceedingsO.Ocan Sankur and J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin. An Abstraction Technique For Parameterized Model Checking of Leader Election Protocols: Application to FTSP.23rd International Conference on Tools and Algorithms for the Construction and Analysis of Systems (TACAS)10206Lecture Notes in Computer ScienceUppsala, SwedenSpringer Berlin HeidelbergApril 2017, 23-40
  HAL
• 11 inproceedingsH.Huafeng Yu, J.Joshi Prashi, J.-P.Jean-Pierre Talpin, S. K.Sandeep Kumar Shukla and S.Shin'Ichi Shiraishi. Model-Based Integration for Automotive Control Software.Digital Automation ConferenceACMSan Francisco, United StatesJune 2015
  HAL

11.2 Publications of the year